• Flies

  result of larvae feeding on root hairs and tender roots as well as stem and leaf tissue and fruits. The lesions caused by feeding larvae provide invasion

• Thrips

  in greenhouse and field crops. Their feeding and virus transmission cause leaf deformation, silvering and fruit damage, leading to reduced yield and ma

• Fusarium spp.

  Fusarium spp. Fusarium fungi cause vascular wilt, root rot, foot and stem rot, leaf lesions, fruit rot, head blight in cereals, and post-harvest decay. Fusarium

• Caterpillars

  underside of leaves. This causes a window effect where the epidermis of the upper leaf surface remains undamaged. Young caterpillars are often found in groups,

• Obscure mealybug

  fertilize. The female second instar nymphs, on the other hand, settle on the leaf and begin to secrete wax, moulting to a third instar and then the adult female

• Mealybugs and scales

  brown patches to appear on leaves and fruit. This can eventually kill the leaf. Life cycle of mealybugs & scales Mealybug & scale control videos Take a

• Amblyseius swirskii

  for food on the underside of leaves. They often congregate in the axils of leaf veins to rest. Their colour can vary according to the prey eaten, and varies