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Phytophthora blight

protrude through the stomata. Secondary infection is either by germinating sporangia or by zoospores produced in the sporangia. For germination on above-ground [...] fast drying and wound healing, by allowing air circulation Disinfect recirculating nutrient solutions Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential [...] through the skin. The Great Famine was a period of mass starvation caused by this disease which ravaged potato crops throughout Europe during the 1840s

Early blight

petals and stems. These spots can be distinguished by the dark and brown concentric rings that are caused by sporulation. Species may differ in specific symptoms [...] spots then turn into dark brown angular lesions with a yellow halo restricted by leaf veins. Lesions can easily rupture. Other symptoms are brown lesions on [...] Infection is both direct and through wounds and stomata. Spores are dispersed by wind and in some species through the splash of rain. How to prevent Early

Downy mildew of rose

also stems and fruits. They cause lesions on the upper leaf surface, bordered by the veins, which are first yellow and then turn brown. On the underside of [...] and the germ tubes infect the plants either through the stomata or directly by penetrating the cuticula. For germination free water is required. For most [...] this is where most fluffy symptoms are found. The pathogens are dispersed by air, water and tools. Some species, for example Hyaloperonospora parasitica

Damping-off

that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress, caused for example by too much water, too high or low temperatures or sudden fluctuations in temperature [...] conditions, especially dehydration. Germination of the oospores is stimulated by exudates from roots of a susceptible host nearby. The oospores germinate and [...] or substrate. Oospores are dispersed when soil particles are moved around by humans or machinery. Pythium can survive very well in the soil or substrate

Angular leaf spot

on the underside of the leaf. They enlarge to angular spots, often limited by the small veins. The distinctive feature is the way the lesions look when [...] on the leaves and form a secondary source of infection. They are dispersed by rain, irrigation water or handling of the plants. Infection of the plants [...] both passively and actively. Infection and disease development are favoured by temperatures around 20 °C during the day and cold nights, in combination with

Cottony soft rot

above-ground plant parts. In greenhouses, usually only mycelium is produced by the germinating sclerotia. The fungus grows quite rapidly inside the plant [...] source of infection for the next crop. The dispersal to neighbouring plants is by mycelial growth. How to prevent Cottony soft rot Practice dry cultivation/be [...] plants in a closed plastic bag Remove crop residues Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential and crop resilience.

Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

they are more elongated. The lesions are light brown, sunken and surrounded by a dark brown to red-brown border. The first infection is often on the primary [...] orange-red masses of two-celled conidia are exuded. Secondary infection is by splash dispersal of these conidia. There is no known sexual stage. Ascochyta [...] years with non-host crops Bury or remove crop debris Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential and crop resilience.

Bacterial wilt, brown rot

eyes also turn grey-brown. This disease can be distinguished from Clavibacter by the bacterial slime produced from wounds, which is not seen in Clavibacter [...] found soil-inhabitant in tropical and subtropical regions and is transferred by the introduction of propagation materials (seed potatoes, cuttings of ornamentals [...] infected plants to neighbouring plants. The bacteria can also be transported by irrigation water. Disease incidence is highest when soil moisture is high