Mealybugs and scales

unfit for sale, and the reduced level of photosynthesis in the leaves also reduces flower and fruit production; in ornamental crops, the mere presence of [...] it. Ants are also attracted by the honeydew. In fact, the honeydew with its sooty mould is usually the first sign of the presence of this type of pest. [...] resulting in considerable damage in ornamental and fruit crops and loss of value. Armoured scales do not produce honeydew. The concealed habit and the protective

Steinernema carpocapsae

ultimately killing the host within a few days. The nematodes then feed and reproduce within the cadaver of the dead host, resulting in the emergence of a new [...] nematodes penetrate the pest's body through natural openings. Once inside the pest, the nematodes release symbiotic bacteria, typically of the genus Xenorhabdus [...] new generation of nematodes that can continue to seek out and infect other pests in the area. In this way, Steinernema carpocapsae nematodes effectively

Southern European marshland pyralid

caterpillars often stay in the lower strata of the crop, sometimes attacking the stem of the plant as well as the leaves. Late instar larvae burrow into soft [...] possibly stem collapse. The holes bored into the stem can facilitate infection by the fungus Botrytis cinerea. In gerbera, the flower buds may also be [...] feature is the triangle formed by the head and forewings. Moths mainly fly at night, but can sometimes be seen in the daytime. Eggs are laid singly or in groups

Amblydromalus limonicus

They can also feed on pollen and take fluids from leaves, which is useful for instance in sweet pepper crops as the predatory mite can establish in the [...] approximately 0.14 mm in diameter. The larvae have six legs, are the same colour as the eggs, and are only slightly larger. The larvae of Amblydromalus [...] actively search for food on the underside of leaves. Their colour can vary according to the prey eaten and they are sometimes greenish in colour when they take

Impatiens thrips

americanus is often found low in the crop. In sweet pepper the damage can be seen as discolouration of older leaves at the bottom of the plant. [...] egg to adult on the plant, specifically on the leaves. Eggs are deposited in the leaf tissue, while subsequent stages are found on the upper- and undersides [...] undersides of the leaf. Pupation occurs on the leaf rather than on the ground. The prepupae and pupae remain immobile on the leaf tissue. Adults are found

Chilli pepper

and 3–7 millimetres (0.12–0.28 in) in diameter) and acrid, their shape is ellipsoid-conical to lanceolate. The fruit (the peppers) usually develop from [...] About The particular species of chilli pepper, Capsicum frutescens, is at times categorized under the species Capsicum annuum . The pepper cultivars of [...] frutescens can both be annual or perennial (short-lived) plants. The plant’s flowers are white and have a greenish white or greenish yellow corolla. The plant’s

Mango

Mangifera indica , found its way to the rest of the world and it has become one of the largest cultivated products in the tropics. Mango trees grow up to 35-40 [...] tall and its crown can expand to 10 metres (33 feet) wide. The trees can grow really old and from some species of trees, mangoes can be harvested for 300 [...] belong to the flowering plant genus Mangifera and the cashew family Anacardiaceae . Mangoes are indigenous to South Asia and from this area the ‘common mango’

Black sigatoka disease

them, so the spores cannot be discharged from the lower leaves in the stack Use under-canopy (drip) irrigation to reduce splash dispersal Lower the humidity [...] leaves of about one month old. The symptoms run parallel to the veins. Within a few days, the spots become a few centimetres in size and turn brown with light [...] enlarge further and the tissue around the lesions turns yellow and dies. Lesions merge and the whole leaf turns brown and ultimately dies. In cases of severe

Capsanem

) Mode of action The nematodes enter the pest and release symbiotic bacteria into the pest's body cavity. These bacteria convert the host tissue into a [...] nematodes Preparation Remove the sachets from the box and keep them at room temperature for 30 minutes Empty the contents of the sachets into a bucket containing [...] 15-20°C/59-68°F) Stir well and leave the contents to soak for five minutes Stir again and pour the contents of the bucket into the half-filled spray tank (except

Tomato russet mite

rusty brown colour, and in serious cases they may snap. The fruit can also be affected, and when this happens in tomatoes, the skin becomes coarse and [...] time in Australia and is a pest in tomatoes in all areas where they are grown. Other members of the plant family Solanaceae may be affected to a lesser [...] and affected leaves dry out quickly. The damage is first seen on the lower part of the plant and moves upwards as the mites ascend. Life cycle and appearance