Bacterial wilt, brown rot

solanacearum is a quarantine organism in Europe and considered a bioterrorist organism in the United States. It is a commonly found soil-inhabitant in tropical [...] solanacearum is a plant pathogenic bacterium. It is a soil-borne disease and colonises the xylem, causing bacterial wilt and brown rot in a very wide range [...] 35-37 °C, the optimum for Race 3 is 27 °C, which makes it more dangerous in temperate regions. It survives well in water and in many different soil types and

Thripex

cucumeris is most effective at temperatures between 15 and 25°C (59 and 77°F). It is not effective at temperatures above 30°C/86°F. Neoseiulus cucumeris is sensitive [...] are detected in the crop. Introduction rates typically range from 50-100 per m2/release. Releases should be repeated if necessary. Consult a Koppert advisor [...] Pests Young larvae of various thrips species. Crops Do not use in tomato. Biological control of thrips - Neoseiulus cucumeris Mode of action Predatory

Angular leaf spot

overwinters in plants and dead leaves, that become the primary source of infection in the spring. The bacteria are also introduced in a crop in new transplants [...] . This bacterium is very resistant to desiccation and can survive well in dry leaves or leaves in the soil, but not independantly in the soil. Under humid [...] General Xanthomonas fragariae is a leaf spot disease found in strawberry. Damage symptoms Xanthomonas fragariae initially causes small, water-soaked lesions

Botrytis

plants or plant parts in a closed plastic bag In tomato: prune with a knife and not by hand, to avoid rugged, irregular wound surfaces In cucumber: remove dead [...] Botryotinia fuckeliana / Botrytis cinerea ) is a commonly found fungus in many environments. It survives in plant parts like bulbs and crop residues or [...] much vegetative growth, in order to maintain a microclimate which is not humid enough for grey mould Provide sufficient ventilation in greenhouse crops Remove

Koppert Foundation

Koppert established the Koppert Foundation on their 50 th anniversary in 2017. This Foundation aims to contribute to sustainable solutions for horticulture [...] smallholder farmers providing education about our wonderful partnering with nature in integrated crop management supporting local Koppert employees with their personal [...] personal social responsibility projects Application You can find more information in English and Dutch on www.koppertfoundation.org . Do you need help with explanation

Damping-off

General Pythium is considered a ‘weak pathogen’, meaning that it can usually only affect plants that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress [...] aphanidermatum mostly occurs in young plants and damage is more extensive in young crops. Damage symptoms Pythium affects roots, in particular those of seedlings [...] substrate the plant turns brown. A typical symptom of a Pythium infection is the easy stripping of the skin from the root cortex with a finger nail. Life cycle

Phytophthora blight

higher water content than is optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and bulbs or in the soil in different stages: as oospores [...] or by zoospores produced in the sporangia. For germination on above-ground plant parts, leaf wetness is required. Dispersal is by wind and rain causes the [...] borders and white fluffy fungal growth on the leaves. The centre is grey-brown with a light-green edge. On the stem, elongated brown lesions occur, usually

Cottony soft rot

as cottony soft root, is a plant pathogenic fungus. It has a very wide range of host plants. Damage symptoms The first symptoms of a cottony soft root ( [...] Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ) overwinters as sclerotia and mycelium in dead and living plant material in or on the ground. Sclerotia germinate at temperatures between [...] whereas the ascospores infect the above-ground plant parts. In greenhouses, usually only mycelium is produced by the germinating sclerotia. The fungus grows

Early blight

General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause [...] and at a relative humidity (RH) of over 90% or when the leaves are wet. Small differences in optimum temperature occur between species, but in general [...] st storage at 0-1 o C. A. brassicae and A. brassicicola : adjust the sowing date to avoid conditions conducive to infection. In greenhouses: avoid high

Barley

vulgare) is a member of the grass family and a self pollinating crop. Barley is used in brewing beer, a popular source of animal fodder and a component [...] About This cereal grain is grown in temperate regions worldwide. It is one of the four most important cereal corps grown in the world, next to wheat, rice [...] component in various health foods.