• Bacterial wilt, brown rot

  s roots on the stem. The vascular stem tissue is coloured brown and when the stem is cut, bacterial slime oozes from the wound. This is the way to distinguish [...] show signs of wilting during the day which may disappear in the early stages of infection. Under conditions favourable for the bacteria, the whole plant [...] temperatures of 35-37 °C, the optimum for Race 3 is 27 °C, which makes it more dangerous in temperate regions. It survives well in water and in many different

• Angular leaf spot

  underside of the leaf. They enlarge to angular spots, often limited by the small veins. The distinctive feature is the way the lesions look when using different [...] appearance of Angular leaf spot Xanthomonas fragariae overwinters in plants and dead leaves, that become the primary source of infection in the spring. The bacteria [...] introduced in a crop in new transplants. This bacterium is very resistant to desiccation and can survive well in dry leaves or leaves in the soil, but not

• Veni Biosulfur

  increases the amount of sulphur taken up by the plant. Crops All crops. Mode of action Veni Biosulfur increases the amount of sulphur taken up by the plant [...] Shake the container well before use Fill the application tank with half the required amount of water Add the required amount of Veni Biosulfur to the water [...] water Mix thoroughly Add the remaining amount of water Apply immediately after preparation The pH of the solution should be between 5 and 7 Application Apply

• Damping-off

  soil or substrate the plant turns brown. A typical symptom of a Pythium infection is the easy stripping of the skin from the root cortex with a finger nail [...] irreversibly. In potted plants the flower buds fall off. The side roots rot and very little of the root system survives. On the border between air and soil [...] at the start by using higher substrate blocks for the seedlings. In field crops: Avoid the use of fields with inadequate drainage or improve the drainage

• Botrytis

  Botrytis cinerea ) is part of the foot rot complex, which causes rotting of the foot and may cause death of the plants. In cucumber and tomato the fungus causes [...] pruning wounds. These lesions may encircle the stem, so the part of the plant above the lesion wilts and dies. In vegetables and strawberry, grey mould ( [...] that it excretes compounds that kill the plant cells and then uses the content of the plant cells as nutrients. On the infected area, new spores are formed

• Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

  ) causes foot rot in peas, whereas Ascochyta pisi does occur sometimes at the stem base but is not part of the foot rot syndrome in peas. Infected seeds [...] surrounded by a dark brown to red-brown border. The first infection is often on the primary leaves. The fungus is seed borne and thus also causes post- and [...] infection is purely seed-borne. Conidia and other fungal structures are transmitted on the outside of the seed coat and cause primary infection. The conidia

• Phytophthora blight

  leaf wetness is required. Dispersal is by wind and rain causes the pathogen to be returned to the soil from infected plants. Dispersal in the soil happens [...] fungal growth on the leaves. The centre is grey-brown with a light-green edge. On the stem, elongated brown lesions occur, usually circling the stem. On potato [...] higher water content than is optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and bulbs or in the soil in different stages: as oospores

• Early blight

  occur at the side of the stem. Life cycle and appearance of Early blight From the primary infection of leaves, Alternaria solani can spread to the flowers [...] rotation, in particular when spores surviving in the soil are the main source of infection. Especially wheat and barley reduce the number of surviving [...] General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause

• False codling moth

  (fifth) is ready to pupate, it exist the fruit and drops to the ground where it pupates in the top layer of the soil. The moths emerge after a couple of weeks [...] leucotreta ) is native to sub-Saharan Africa and is found in all citrus production areas in Southern Africa. It also occurs on some of the Indian and Atlantic [...] Larval penetration holes in the fruit can only be found through thorough inspection. In green citrus fruit the peel around the penetration hole eventually

• Cottony soft rot

  infects the stem base and the roots, whereas the ascospores infect the above-ground plant parts. In greenhouses, usually only mycelium is produced by the germinating [...] sclerotia. The fungus also infects seeds and tubers, thereby creating a source of infection for the next crop. The dispersal to neighbouring plants is by mycelial [...] as cottony soft root, is a plant pathogenic fungus. It has a very wide range of host plants. Damage symptoms The first symptoms of a cottony soft root (