• Tomato leafminer

  malformations. Damage to fruit allows fungal diseases to enter, leading to rotting fruit before or after harvest. Life cycle and appearance of Tomato leafminer [...] (Tuta absoluta), a major pest of field- and greenhouse-grown tomatoes, belongs to the family of Gelechiidae . It is oligophagous, feeding mainly on Solanaceae [...] creamy white to bright yellow, darkening in the embryonic phase and becoming almost black near eclosion. The first-instar larvae are whitish to yellowish

• Horiver Drystick

  by insects and/or debris Dosage For monitoring use one Horiver Drystick per 200 m 2 For trapping in hotspots use one Horiver Drystick per 2 to 20 m 2 Notes [...] saturated earlier with insects or dust and debris The silicone cover paper is perforated and can be removed in sections if required for monitoring purposes [...] Use Horiver Drystick for trapping and monitoring different flying insects. The traps work particularly well for bugs such as Lygus spp. and Nesidiocoris

• Onion

  production season. Onions are popular and therefore cultivated and used for cooking all around the world. Their flesh is pungent when chopped, because it contains [...] onion ( Allium cepa L.) , also referred to as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable. This particular species is the most extensively produced species [...] Allium . The onion plant is usually a biennial or perennial plan. When cultivated however, the plant is mostly handled as an annual and harvested at the end

• Cottony soft rot

  formed. They can easily be seen with the naked eye and look like rat droppings. The symptoms may occur on stems but also on leaves, fruits and pods. Root [...] as sclerotia and mycelium in dead and living plant material in or on the ground. Sclerotia germinate at temperatures between 4 and 26 °C with an optimum [...] occurs with new dark sclerotia. The fungus also infects seeds and tubers, thereby creating a source of infection for the next crop. The dispersal to neighbouring

• Tutasan

  Use the Tutasan trap for monitoring and trapping male tomato leaf miner moths in combination with Pherodis Tuta absoluta . Pests Tomato leaf miner moth [...] needs to be used in combination with Pherodis pheromone dispensers. The dispensers release a species-specific pheromone which lures the male moths to the [...] part of the trap Fill the trap with water to the level indicated If possible connect the trap to a dripper and make sure the water drips properly into

• American serpentine leaf miner

  it is mainly found on gerbera and chrysanthemum. Today the insect is widespread across the whole world. Damage symptoms Leaf miners cause damage to plants [...] directly and indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining the leaf tissue, leading to desiccation, premature leaf-fall and cosmetic [...] cosmetic damage. In tropical and subtropical areas this can lead to burning in fruit such as tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown

• Black sigatoka disease

  spots enlarge further and the tissue around the lesions turns yellow and dies. Lesions merge and the whole leaf turns brown and ultimately dies. In cases [...] stomata and either develop into conidiophores with new conidia or grow across the surface and infect adjacent stomata. Both types of spores can germinate [...] optimal conditions (humidity close to saturation and temperature above 20 °C). How to prevent Black sigatoka disease Use resistant cultivars Remove or burn

• Onion thrips

  (Thrips tabaci) is distributed throughout the world. It is found outdoors on many plants and particularly damaging on onions, leek, and in greenhouses on [...] carnations, bulbs and many others. Damage symptoms Thrips cause damage to plants by piercing the cells of the surface tissues and sucking out their contents [...] the plant is reduced by loss of chlorophyll. When infestations become serious the leaves themselves can shrivel. Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) is found mostly

• Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

  water-soaked and light to dark brown. They are adjacent to wounds and natural openings at the stem end. Later the fruit becomes soft and lesion contents [...] but can grow in senescent leaves and from there grow through the petiole to the main stem through the xylem vessels. High humidity is required for disease [...] subspecies. How to prevent Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot Prevent high humidity Use sanitation to prevent spread within the crop Clean tools and equipment

• Southern European marshland pyralid

  webbing, frass and soil particles. The pupa itself is yellow-brown, becoming darker as the adult gets closer to emergence, and measures 9 to 12 mm. [...] celery, pepper and lettuce, and weeds. The secretive habit of the caterpillars of this species makes them very difficult to control with synthetic pesticides [...] be eaten. It has even been known for the caterpillars to inflict damage to the roots of crops cultivated in an ebb-and-flow irrigation system. The damage