Monitoring

Early blight

Sporulation of Alternaria occurs at temperatures from 2-4 °C up to 28-30 °C (optimum temperatures lie between 15 and 28 °C) and at a relative humidity (RH) of [...] brown lesions on stem and foot. On fruits, dark sunken, leathery lesions occur at the side of the stem. Life cycle and appearance of Early blight From the primary [...] Prevent damage during harvest (in potato and carrot). Post-harvest storage at 0-1 o C. A. brassicae and A. brassicicola : adjust the sowing date to avoid

Cottony soft rot

Sclerotia germinate at temperatures between 4 and 26 °C with an optimum between 13 and 15 °C. Germination and infection mostly take place at high soil water [...] soft root ( Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ) infection are water-soaked lesions at the stem base. The plant above it wilts and rots. White, fluffy fungal mycelium

Damping-off

or sudden fluctuations in temperature. Pythium aphanidermatum mostly occurs at higher temperatures in the soil or irrigation water. Pythium aphanidermatum [...] lose their turgor or the leaf tips turn yellow, for example in flower bulbs. At first, the plants recover during the night, but later the plants wilt irreversibly [...] recirculating nutrient solutions. Increase the distance to the main substrate at the start by using higher substrate blocks for the seedlings. In field crops:

Anagyrus vladimiri

range from 0.1-0.5 per m 2 /release. Releases should be repeated at least 3 times at an interval of 1-2 weeks. Consult a Koppert advisor or a recognized [...] parasitic wasp Anagyrus vladimiri is most effective at temperatures around 25°C/77°F. The lowest temperature at which development can occur is 13°C/55°F; the [...] mealybug ( Planococcus ficus ) The parasitic wasp Anagyrus vladimiri is available at Koppert as Citripar . Anagyrus vladimiri products Citripar Expand all items

Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

pinodella ) causes foot rot in peas, whereas Ascochyta pisi does occur sometimes at the stem base but is not part of the foot rot syndrome in peas. Infected seeds [...] conidia. There is no known sexual stage. Ascochyta fungi develop most rapidly at temperatures below 20 °C and the spores require water for dispersal. How to

Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

bacterial stem rot as well as soft rot. Stem rot is first noticed when plants wilt at the time of first harvest or after that. The pith disintegrates and the stem [...] and light to dark brown. They are adjacent to wounds and natural openings at the stem end. Later the fruit becomes soft and lesion contents become liquid

Eretmocerus eremicus

typically range from 1-10 per m2/release. Releases should be repeated at least 3 times at weekly intervals or until control is achieved. Depending on the specific [...] hour average greenhouse temperature needs to be at least 20°C/68°F. Eretmocerus eremicus is still active at temperatures above 30°C/86°F. Behaviour of the [...] Trialeurodes vaporariorum ) The parasitic wasp Eretmocerus eremicus is available at Koppert as Ercal . Eretmocerus eremicus products Ercal Expand all items How

Fusarium spp.

(a.k.a. F. sulphureum ) causes dry rot of potato. The rot is dark and wet at first. The lesions are irregular and sharp-edged. In cavities, pink sporulation [...] Primary infection is either seed-borne or takes place as infection of the roots at the root tip, or in small wounds, for example where lateral roots branch off [...] produces mycelium and many spores (microconidia), which are transported upwards. At the same time, the plant produces gum as a defence mechanism to stop the fungus

Citripar

range from 0.1-0.5 per m 2 /release. Releases should be repeated at least 3 times at an interval of 1-2 weeks. Consult a Koppert advisor or a recognized [...] conditions The parasitic wasps are most effective at temperatures around 25°C/77°F. The lowest temperature at which development can occur is 13°C/55°F; the [...] look like swollen mealybug larvae. Empty pupae have an irregular exit hole at the posterior end of the mummy after the parasitic wasps emerged. Pack size