• Integrated Pest Management

  soil borne pests or diseases, but also well-balanced minerals in the soil matrix or nutrient solution and a porous structure of soil or substrate that allows [...] What is IPM? Integrated Pest Management, often referred to as IPM, is a sustainable and environmentally responsible approach to pest management. It employs [...] Pest Management in agriculture is crucial for sustainable farming. It reduces the reliance on chemical pesticides, which can have adverse effects on both

• Phytophthora blight

  structures which can either germinate directly or produce zoospores), chlamydospores (thick-walled mycelium cells which are resistant to desiccation) or mycelium [...] explains why the disease spreads more rapidly when the water content of the soil or substrate is higher than normal or optimal for crop growth. How to prevent [...] overwintering structures which infect the host. Zoospores are spores with flagellae which enable them to move through water. Infection is usually from the root

• General Conditions Koppert

  Pollinators and/or Products or as a result of defects attributable to the Buyer in its operation or methods, or as a result of the use of substances or pest control [...] Natural Enemies, Pollinators and/or Products, by the Buyer or any person for whom the Buyer is liable or to whom the Buyer is obliged to pass on the requirements [...] has been declared bankrupt, or is otherwise insolvent; b. an attachment is lain against the Buyer; c. the Buyer dies or is placed under conservatorship;

• Downy mildew of rose

  bordered by the veins, which are first yellow and then turn brown. On the underside of the leaf fluffy growth appears which is first white and later turns [...] the stomata or directly by penetrating the cuticula. For germination free water is required. For most downy mildews, the optimum temperature is around 15 [...] turns grey-brown. This is, in fact, the sporulation of the pathogens extruding from the stomata. In lettuce, the foot is infected first and this causes

• Wheat

  that lies east of the Mediterranean. The wheat plant is an annual plant which is sown either in spring or autumn. The plant flowers from about the end of May [...] aestivum ) is a cereal grain, but botanically a particular type of fruit referred to as caryopsis. Wheat originates from southwestern Asia, or more specifically [...] May to the beginning of June. This flowering period is rather long (usually lasting longer than a week), because not all flowers of one single plant open

• Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

  General Ascochyta pisi is a fungal plant pathogen that causes A scochyta blight on pea (leaf blight or pea blight) and lesions of stems, leaves, and pods [...] stems they are more elongated. The lesions are light brown, sunken and surrounded by a dark brown to red-brown border. The first infection is often on the [...] in the soil or on crop residues because of its poor saprophytic competitiveness and because chlamydospores are rare. Primary infection is purely seed-borne

• Precautionary measures for product allergies

  (such as red, itchy skin or allergic eczema), nose (such as sneezing, runny nose, or an itchy nose), or eyes (such as itchy or watery eyes). If you experience [...] contact, or could take years to appear. Not everyone who is exposed to allergens will develop an allergy. It is difficult to determine in practice which substance [...] determine which substance you are allergic to. This information is intended solely for informative purposes and may not be used to diagnose or treat a

• Parasitic wasps

  ion is the primary means by which parasitic wasps control pests in agriculture. This process involves the parasitic wasp laying its eggs inside or on a [...] within or on the host's body. Emergence: Once the parasitic wasp reaches maturity, it emerges from the host's body or the cocoon. The host pest is typically [...] harmful chemicals decreases. This, in turn, creates a more balanced ecosystem in the crop, which can enhance overall crop health and resilience. A diverse

• Faba bean

  production have pods which are 15-25 cm long and 2-3 cm thick. Each bean pod contains some 3-8 seeds. These seeds are round or more oval shaped. [...] name ‘broad bean’ is commonly used in the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Australia and usually applied to large-seeded varieties which are cultivated for [...] for consumption. The Vicia faba grows some 0.5–1.8 m tall and is a firm plant with sturdy stems of a square cross-section. The broad beans are broad, leather

• Damping-off

  too high or low temperatures or sudden fluctuations in temperature. Pythium aphanidermatum mostly occurs at higher temperatures in the soil or irrigation [...] soil or substrate. Oospores are dispersed when soil particles are moved around by humans or machinery. Pythium can survive very well in the soil or substrate [...] General Pythium is considered a ‘weak pathogen’, meaning that it can usually only affect plants that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress