• Cottony soft rot

  overwinters as sclerotia and mycelium in dead and living plant material in or on the ground. Sclerotia germinate at temperatures between 4 and 26 °C with [...] prolonged period of time. The sclerotia germinate directly and form mycelium or produce apothecia (fruiting bodies) containing ascospores. The mycelium infects

• Tomato leafminer

  found outside the leaf mines or fruit. Pupation takes place in the soil or on the surface of a leaf, in a curled leaf or in a mine. If they leave the mines [...] mines they build silk cocoons on the leaflets or in the soil. When pupation occurs inside mines or fruits, the prepupae do not build cocoons. Pupae have [...] to fruit allows fungal diseases to enter, leading to rotting fruit before or after harvest. Life cycle and appearance of Tomato leafminer The female moth

• Diamond back moth

  xylostella) are initially yellow or pale green and later darken. They are deposited singly or in small groups of two or ten eggs on both the upper and lower [...] back is marked with a broad cream or light brown band along the back, which is sometimes constricted to form one or more light-coloured diamonds, thus [...] (Plutella xylostella) is suggested to have its origin in Europe, South Africa or East Asia, but is now present wherever its cruciferous hosts exist and it

• Southern European marshland pyralid

  the leaves. Late instar larvae burrow into soft woody or herbaceous plant stems causing withering or drying of crowns and possibly stem collapse. The holes [...] laid singly or in groups of 5 to 10 eggs, overlapping in a tile-like fashion on both the upper and lower surface of leaves close to the veins, or low on the [...] the stem or stalk close to the ground. The pinkish red eggs are about 0.5 mm in diameter and become steadily darker. Just before hatching, which occurs

• Herbs

  ingredient, natural medicine or fragrances. They often have savory or aromatic characteristics and are used for flavouring dishes or food products. In the culinary [...] between herbs and spices. Herbs are the leafy green or flowering parts of a plant, which can be used fresh or dried. Spices derive from other parts of herbal

• Beetles

  serious damage in many greenhouse and field crops by feeding on leaves, roots, or fruits, leading to reduced growth and yield loss. Effective beetle control [...] variety of form, size and habit. A number of species are a serious pest in crops or stored products. There are many useful beetles as well. For instance, ladybirds [...] damage to crops. The larvae of some species feed on growing tips and roots or chew and bore into stems, but in other species also feed on leaves. Adult

• Spider mites and other mites

  of spider mite damage include yellowing or browning of leaves, stippling or mottling of leaves (small white or yellow spots), and webbing on leaves and [...] Aculops cannabicola ) False spider mites (family Tenuipalpidae): Flat mite or Red tea mite ( Brevipalpus phoenicis ) Each species of plant mite has its own [...] millimeter in size, and range in color from pale yellow to green, brown, or red. They have eight legs and are closely related to spiders, but they lack

• Cotton leafworm

  Coloration varies from grey to reddish or yellowish, with a median dorsal line bordered on either side by two yellowish-red or greyish stripes and small yellow [...] yellow dots on each segment. The underside of the caterpillar is greyish-red or yellowish. The caterpillars are easily distinguished from other Spodoptera species [...] bigger veins. Young larvae also bore into buds, which results in shedding or drying up of the buds. Yellowish to dark-green larval excrement protrudes

• Cabbage

  About Cabbage or headed cabbage (consisting of various cultivars of Brassica oleracea ) is a biennial plant with green, white or purple leaves. This plant [...] various sizes and their weight usually varies between 0.5 to 4 kilograms (or 1-9 lbs).

• Bacterial wilt, brown rot

  oozes from the wound. This is the way to distinguish it from Verticillium or Fusarium wilts. Life cycle and appearance of Bacterial wilt, brown rot Ralstonia [...] and on alternative hosts like weeds. It invades the plants through wounds or stomata and then spreads into the xylem vessels. In potato, it is tuber-borne