• Downy mildew of rose

  infection and sporulation is relatively low, in general between 10 and 20 °C. Late in the season new overwintering oospores are produced and buried in [...] during propagation and maintaining a warm and dry climate in greenhouses Use hygiene measures. Start clean, remove crop residues and prevent splashing water [...] causes plant diseases, such as downy mildew of rose and diseases on blackberries, raspberries and other Rubus species. Damage symptoms Downy mildew pathogens

• Phytophthora blight

  es between 15 and 23 °C and higher water content than is optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and bulbs or in the [...] growing root tips promote germination and attract the zoospores. The pathogen grows into the stem and on the plant surface and new sporangiophores (structures [...] ting and be careful with overhead irrigation since both a high water content of the soil and water splash promote disease. Ensure fast drying and wound

• Angular leaf spot

  happens both passively and actively. Infection and disease development are favoured by temperatures around 20 °C during the day and cold nights, in combination [...] merge as they grow and later also become visible on the upper side of the leaf as irregular spots which are first reddish brown and then become necrotic [...] fragariae infection. Life cycle and appearance of Angular leaf spot Xanthomonas fragariae overwinters in plants and dead leaves, that become the primary

• Botrytis

  infected after abortion and then provide a large amount of inoculum Extra Silicon and/or Calcium nutrition hardens the cell walls and makes it harder for the [...] environments. It survives in plant parts like bulbs and crop residues or as sclerotia (drought- and cold-resistant structures) in the soil. Damage symptoms [...] lesions. The symptoms on fruits, flowers and on various parts of potted plants often only become visible during and after cold storage. In lettuce, grey mould

• Cottony soft rot

  wilting and death of plants. Life cycle and appearance of Cottony soft rot Cottony soft root ( Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ) overwinters as sclerotia and mycelium [...] in dead and living plant material in or on the ground. Sclerotia germinate at temperatures between 4 and 26 °C with an optimum between 13 and 15 °C. G [...] easily be seen with the naked eye and look like rat droppings. The symptoms may occur on stems but also on leaves, fruits and pods. Root infection often leads

• Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

  the fruits, lesions first are small and sunken, water-soaked and light to dark brown. They are adjacent to wounds and natural openings at the stem end. Later [...] that. The pith disintegrates and the stem becomes hollow. Because of the bacterial growth in the pith, the stem seems wet and slimy. Above or below the hollow [...] Later the fruit becomes soft and lesion contents become liquid. Life cycle and appearance of Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot Erwinia carotovora

• Black sigatoka disease

  size and turn brown with light grey centres. These spots enlarge further and the tissue around the lesions turns yellow and dies. Lesions merge and the [...] hampered. Life cycle and appearance of Black sigatoka disease Black sigatoka ( Mycosphaerella fijiensis ) produces both ascospores and conidia. The ascospores [...] hyphae emerge from the stomata and either develop into conidiophores with new conidia or grow across the surface and infect adjacent stomata. Both types

• Damping-off

  flower buds fall off. The side roots rot and very little of the root system survives. On the border between air and soil or substrate the plant turns brown [...] finger nail. Life cycle and appearance of Damping-off Pythium belongs to the Oomycetes, a separate group of microorganisms and is therefore not a real [...] immediately after planting. Avoid cold and excessive warm irrigation water. Keep the water content of the substrate below 70% and ensure good drainage Disinfect

• Bacterial wilt, brown rot

  well in water and in many different soil types and on alternative hosts like weeds. It invades the plants through wounds or stomata and then spreads into [...] pathogenic bacterium. It is a soil-borne disease and colonises the xylem, causing bacterial wilt and brown rot in a very wide range of potential host plants [...] potato, field symptoms of Ralstonia solanacearum are wilting and yellowing of leaves and stunted plants. Inside, vascular browning is common with bacterial

• Early blight

  Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause primary infection of the leaves. Survival [...] potato and early blight of tomato, which presents itself as spots on leaves, petals and stems. These spots can be distinguished by the dark and brown [...] within five days. Infection is both direct and through wounds and stomata. Spores are dispersed by wind and in some species through the splash of rain