Aphids
protein. As a consequence, the excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky. Black fungal moulds (such as Cladosporium [...] damage to a crop: Nymphs and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded [...] Cladosporium spp. and Capnodium spp.) grow on this honeydew, contaminating fruit and ornamental crops and rendering them unmarketable. At the same time, ph