Early blight

Alternaria solani Early blight General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause primary infection

Angular leaf spot

Xanthomonas fragariae Angular leaf spot General Xanthomonas fragariae is a leaf spot disease found in strawberry. Life cycle and appearance of Angular leaf spot Xanthomonas fragariae overwinters in pl

Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

General Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora has recently been renamed Pectobacterium carotovora . It is one of the pectolytic bacteria causing extensive bacterial rots (bacterial soft rot, bacterial

Black sigatoka disease

General Mycosphaerella fijiensis also known as black sigatoka, is an ascomycete fungus that causes leaf-spot of banana. Damage symptoms Black sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis ) first causes small, l

Botrytis

General Grey mould ( Botryotinia fuckeliana / Botrytis cinerea ) is a commonly found fungus in many environments. It survives in plant parts like bulbs and crop residues or as sclerotia (drought- and

Damping-off

General Pythium is considered a ‘weak pathogen’, meaning that it can usually only affect plants that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress, caused for example by too much water, too hig

Phytophthora blight

General Late blight (Phytophthora infestans f.sp. infestans) is also known as Phytophthora blight, tomato blight, early / late blight tomato, potato blight and late / early blight of potato. Damage sy

Beetles

Coleoptera Beetles What are beetles? Beetles belong to the order Coleoptera, a well-known group of insects that are easily recognizable on account of their hard wing covers (elytra). With more than 35

Bugs

Hemiptera Bugs What are bugs? Heteropteran bugs form a group in the order Hemiptera , a highly diverse group of insects, containing both harmful and beneficial species. Heteropteran bugs are insects w

Psyllids

Hemiptera Psyllids