Aphids
and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded, giving rise to deformed [...] or even, if the infestation occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield. Plant sap has a low [...] and flowers by piercing the plant tissue and sucking out the sap. This can result in stunted growth, curling or distortion of the leaves, yellowing, or