• Fall Armyworm

  and the age of the larvae. On maize, young larvae usually feed on leaves, creating a characteristic windowing effect. This damage and moist sawdust-like frass [...] caterpillars of fall armyworms feed on the leaves, stems and reproductive parts of more than 100 plant species causing major damage to cultivated grasses, such [...] and upper leaves can be an easily spotted sign of larval feeding. After feeding, the leaves appear ragged or torn (similar to hailstorm damage in appearance)

• Botrytis

  common symptoms are grey-brown lesions. The lesions occur on leaves, stems, fruits and flowers. On flowers, usually small round specks occur first, called [...] wound surfaces In cucumber: remove dead leaves on the stem once, especially in the autumn, because from these leaves the stems are infected, possibly killing [...] may or may not grow into larger grey-brown lesions. The symptoms on fruits, flowers and on various parts of potted plants often only become visible during

• Broad mite

  that feed on fungi, algae, plants, as well as insect and mite predators and parasites. Those living on plants can cause considerable damage to their host [...] ( Polyphagotarsonemus latus ) can occur both on vegetable and ornamental crops. Damage symptoms The damage caused by the broad mite ( Polyphagotarsonemus [...] Extensive damage can be caused by relatively low populations. Frequently, the lower leaves of a plant remain unaffected while the younger leaves are badly

• Tobacco whitefly

  strictly spoken this is not true) and adult. The larvae are found on the underside of young leaves and have an oval shape. The first instar larvae (crawlers) [...] wings of the adult are already clearly visible. These pupae are found on the oldest leaves. The adult emerges from the pupa via a T-shaped fissure. The adult [...] underside of the leaves. The adult tobacco whitefly ( Bemisia tabaci ) has well-developed piercing-sucking mouthparts and begins to feed on plant sap very

• Tomato russet mite

  are roughly 0.05 mm in diameter and are laid on the underside of leaves, on leaf petioles, and on stems on the lower portion of plants. When newly laid [...] affected to a lesser extent. Damage symptoms Damage is caused by the mites sucking out the contents of plant cells. Affected leaves are slightly curled and [...] Considerable damage can occur, especially at high temperatures when population growth is most rapid and affected leaves dry out quickly. The damage is first

• Diamond back moth

  in other regions. Damage symptoms The caterpillar is a surface feeder. They feed from the lower leaf surface, leaving the wax layer on the upper surface [...] In cases of severe infestation, entire leaves may be destroyed, leaving only the veins. The larvae feed also on the chlorophyll-rich green areas of stems [...] whitening of the crop. Heavily damaged plants appear stunted and will, in most cases, die. On rapeseed, larvae also feed on flower buds, flowers and young

• Biological Pest Control

  predatory mites are introduced into agricultural crops to prey on or parasitize harmful pests like aphids , spider mites , whitefly or caterpillars . Alternatively [...] specific pest species while leaving non-target organisms unharmed. Unlike chemical pesticides, which can have detrimental effects on ecosystems, biological [...] specific pest species. They have minimal impact on non-target organisms, minimizing collateral damage. Minimal resistance Pests typically do not develop

• Black sigatoka disease

  leaf-spot of banana. Damage symptoms Black sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis ) first causes small, light yellow spots or streaks on leaves of about one month [...] cultivars Remove or burn infected leaves or at least stack them, so the spores cannot be discharged from the lower leaves in the stack Use under-canopy (drip) [...] whole leaf turns brown and ultimately dies. In cases of severe infection leaves may die within a few weeks. Because of the lack of leaf tissues, fruit maturity

• Phytophthora blight

  growth on the leaves. The centre is grey-brown with a light-green edge. On the stem, elongated brown lesions occur, usually circling the stem. On potato [...] early blight of potato. Damage symptoms Phytophthora causes root rot, seedling damping off and rot of stems, bulbs, tubers, leaves and fruits. Late blight [...] germination and attract the zoospores. The pathogen grows into the stem and on the plant surface and new sporangiophores (structures containing sporangia

• Leaf miners

  are damaging pests that tunnel through leaves, reducing photosynthesis and weakening plant growth. Their feeding patterns cause visible leaf damage, lower [...] that cause most damage all belong to the genus Liriomyza and are very common in temperate regions. Leaf miner damage Leaf miners cause damage to plants both [...] pests. The leaf miner species that cause damage in horticultural crops are mostly polyphagous; that is, they feed on many crops. However, this is not universal