Leaf miners
full-grown plants of fruiting vegetable crops, however, a considerable quantity of foliage can be lost before the harvest is affected. The size of a leaf tunnel [...] tunnel depends on the stage of development of the leaf, the species of host plant and the species of leaf miner. The older larvae make wider tunnels. Feeding [...] females can also reduce yield, although with the exception of ornamental crops, this is usually of less significance. Seedlings and young plants can be totally