• Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

  causes spots on leaves, stems and pods of peas. The spots on leaves and pods are round, on the stems they are more elongated. The lesions are light brown [...] directly through the cuticle. On the lesions, pycnidia are formed from which orange-red masses of two-celled conidia are exuded. Secondary infection is [...] hardly survives in the soil or on crop residues because of its poor saprophytic competitiveness and because chlamydospores are rare. Primary infection is purely

• Beetles

  Learn more about What are beetles? Beetles belong to the order Coleoptera, a well-known group of insects that are easily recognizable on account of their hard [...] species feed on growing tips and roots or chew and bore into stems, but in other species also feed on leaves. Adult beetles cause damage by feeding on fruits [...] variety of form, size and habit. A number of species are a serious pest in crops or stored products. There are many useful beetles as well. For instance, ladybirds

• Flies

  conditions. Solutions for fly control Learn more about What are flies? There are several flies that are pests in agriculture, horticulture and mushroom cultivation [...] flies). The larvae of these insects generally live on rotting plant material and are mostly found in the soil. The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii [...] recently developed into a major pest on soft fruits in Europe and North America. Sciarid flies and shore flies are mainly a problem in greenhouses. Their

• Top diseases in roses - Powdery Mildew

  February 17, 2023

  Most of the fungus remains on the outside of the plant surface. On the mycelium on the plant surface, new conidiophores are formed, structures which contain [...] conidiophores are the fluffy fungal growth so typical of powdery mildew. Conidia are the main means of dispersal. They are dispersed by wind, as are the ascospores [...] spores germinate on the leaf surface and the germ tubes grow and branch out on the leaf surface. Small structures called haustoria are produced, from which

• Spider mites and other mites

  control Learn more about What are mites? Plant mites are a diverse group of small arthropods that feed on plant sap. They are found in a wide variety of habitats [...] is needed to detect them. Plant mites are often found in colonies on the undersides of leaves, where they feed on the plant's sap. The damage caused by [...] with the female mite laying eggs. The eggs are usually spherical and laid on the underside of leaves or on other parts of the plant. The number of eggs

• Fusarium wilt

  the leaves turn yellow and wilt, mostly on one side of the plant. Finally, the whole plant wilts. Other symptoms are brown discolouration of the xylem vessels [...] Fusarium oxysporum has many different formae speciales which are each selectively pathogenic on a limited number of crops. Even within one crop, different [...] plant and spreads upwards inside the plants. The other species are dispersed upwards on the outside of the plant. Most Fusarium species only make asexual

• Angular leaf spot

  when transmitted light is used, they are translucent. When conditions are humid, a viscous bacterial exudate forms on the underside of the leaf. This exudate [...] become visible on the upper side of the leaf as irregular spots which are first reddish brown and then become necrotic. The foliar symptoms are the most important [...] conditions, bacteria ooze from the lesions on the leaves and form a secondary source of infection. They are dispersed by rain, irrigation water or handling

• Whitefly

  species are the greenhouse whitefly , Trialeurodes vaporariorum , and the tobacco whitefly , Bemisia tabaci . Both are widespread, polyphagous and are broadly [...] Biological control of whitefly Whiteflies are common pests in greenhouse and field crops, feeding on plant sap and transmitting harmful viruses. Their [...] traps Parasitic wasps are key in reducing whitefly populations by parasitizing larvae and host feeding. Predatory mites and bugs feed on eggs and larvae of

• Early blight

  by leaf veins. Lesions can easily rupture. Other symptoms are brown lesions on stem and foot. On fruits, dark sunken, leathery lesions occur at the side [...] presents itself as spots on leaves, petals and stems. These spots can be distinguished by the dark and brown concentric rings that are caused by sporulation [...] and through wounds and stomata. Spores are dispersed by wind and in some species through the splash of rain. How to prevent Early blight Remove crop residues

• Downy mildew of rose

  structures are protruding from the stomata. Because there are more stomata on the underside of the leaf, this is where most fluffy symptoms are found. The [...] fruits. They cause lesions on the upper leaf surface, bordered by the veins, which are first yellow and then turn brown. On the underside of the leaf fluffy [...] From these oospores or surviving mycelium sporangia are formed, structures in which zoospores are produced. However, in downy mildews, sporangia often