• Greenhouse whitefly

  January 1, 1970

  whitefly need a lot of protein for growth, and thus consume a large quantity of plant sap. This contains a high proportion of sugar, and the excess is excreted [...] remain flattened on the leaf. The fourth larva stadium develops into a white, oval case encircled by a ring of erect waxy rods. This is called the pupa stadium [...] es: If the population is very large, feeding on plant sap can affect the physiology of the plant, as a result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight

• Spider mites and other mites

  January 1, 1970

  As damage increases whole leaves turn yellow, and as more cell sap is removed, the leaf, and eventually the whole plant may die. The nymphs and adults also [...] appearance of the crop. This is of particular concern in ornamental crops. Life cycle of spider mites Spider mite control videos Take a look at the video or go [...] rapidly infest greenhouse and field crops, feeding on plant cells and causing leaf discoloration, reduced photosynthesis and lower yields. Their fast reproduction

• Cyclamen mite

  January 1, 1970

  General The cyclamen mite ( Phytonemus pallidus ) is a harmful strawberry pest as well as a common pest found in cyclamen, gerbera and other ornamentals [...] smaller than usual. In cyclamen, the flowers are damaged and leaf growth is inhibited. In hedera, a mite attack can cause baldness in parts of the stem. Gerbera [...] stage (pharate nymph). This is a transitional stage between larva and adult mite during which the mite remains immobile on the leaf surface and does not feed

• Beet armyworm

  January 1, 1970

  wild vegetation during the summer. It is highly polyphagous, feeding on plants of more than 20 families. It is a serious pest in greenhouses, where it [...] worst damage is caused by attacks on flowers and buds. Life cycle and appearance of Beet armyworm The beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) is a small, nondescript [...] dark, wrinkled stripes dorsally and a yellow band running the length of the body on either side, above which there is a black dot on each segment. The young

• Diamond back moth

  January 1, 1970

  xylostella) is suggested to have its origin in Europe, South Africa or East Asia, but is now present wherever its cruciferous hosts exist and it is considered [...] species. It is highly migratory and wind-borne adults can travel long distances to invade crops in other regions. Damage symptoms The caterpillar is a surface [...] are like those of the males. The back is marked with a broad cream or light brown band along the back, which is sometimes constricted to form one or more

• Predatory insects

  January 1, 1970

  capable of consuming a significant number of aphids in a short period. Aphidalia, featuring the ladybug species Adalia bipunctata , is a good solution aphid [...] helping to maintain a balanced ecosystem. Predatory bugs play a vital role in controlling whitefly , thrips , caterpillars and leaf miner larvae. Macrolophus [...] Macrolophus pygmaeus ( Mirical , Mirical-N), a species of predatory bug, is particularly skilled in controlling whitefly and caterpillars but also contributes

• Leafhoppers

  January 1, 1970

  sap-sucking pests that feed on plant leaves, causing discoloration, stippling and leaf curling. Their feeding reduces photosynthesis, weakens plant growth and can [...] disease spread within greenhouse and field crops. Effective leafhopper control is therefore essential to maintain healthy and productive cultivation. By combining

• Fusarium wilt

  January 1, 1970

  General Fusarium is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species [...] root rot, foot and stem rot, leaf lesions, fruit rot, head blight in cereals and post-harvest decay. Fusarium oxysporum is the species causing vascular [...] pathogenic on a limited number of crops. Even within one crop, different formae speciales may occur and cause different symptoms. Fusarium oxysporum is the only

• Early blight

  January 1, 1970

  Those spots then turn into dark brown angular lesions with a yellow halo restricted by leaf veins. Lesions can easily rupture. Other symptoms are brown [...] general the risk of Alternaria infection is larger under quite warm and humid conditions. Infection may take place within a few hours, with lesions occurring [...] during harvest (in potato and carrot). Post-harvest storage at 0-1 o C. A. brassicae and A. brassicicola : adjust the sowing date to avoid conditions conducive

• Onion thrips

  January 1, 1970

  General The onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) is distributed throughout the world. It is found outdoors on many plants and particularly damaging on onions, [...] are inserted into the plant tissue with a saw-like ovipositor. Larvae are light to yellowish green in colour, with a large head and bright red eyes. The colour [...] the plant is reduced by loss of chlorophyll. When infestations become serious the leaves themselves can shrivel. Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) is found mostly