• Greenhouse whitefly

  can wilt and fall. Such leaf damage can in turn influence the development of fruit and lead to a reduction in yield. The honeydew deposited on fruit makes [...] moulds also develop on the leaves, reducing photosynthesis and transpiration. Viruses can be transmitted. The consumption of plant sap and secreting of honeydew [...] second, third and fourth larval stage (often referred to as ‘pupa’ although strictly spoken this is not true) and adult. The larvae are found on the underside

• Cotton leafworm

  spherical, about 0.6 mm long and whitish yellow. They are laid in clusters of 20 to 500 pieces on lower leaf surfaces, often on the lower parts of the plant [...] with a median dorsal line bordered on either side by two yellowish-red or greyish stripes and small yellow dots on each segment. The underside of the [...] triangular dots on their body. Before pupation, caterpillars crawl to the ground and settle in the surface layers. The pupa is 15 to 20 mm long and reddish brown

• Aphids

  slow-moving and tend to cluster on the undersides of leaves, where they feed on plant sap. They may also be found on stems, buds, flowers and fruit. Damage: [...] aphid ) and Myzus persicae subsp. nicotianae ( tobacco aphid ) on various vegetable and ornamental crops. Aphis gossypii ( cotton aphid ), mainly on Cucurbitaceae [...] Cucurbitaceae, but also on chrysanthemums, and sweet pepper. Macrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid), mainly on Solanaceae and various ornamental crops. Aulacorthum

• Broad mite

  long, oval and broad, and pale yellow or yellow-green, depending on the type and quantity of food consumed. Female mites have a white stripe on their backs [...] There are species that feed on fungi, algae, plants, as well as insect and mite predators and parasites. Those living on plants can cause considerable [...] can appear on the leaf stalks and main stems. The growing tips of affected plants acquire a misshapen appearance, with contorted leaves and sporadic brown

• Fall Armyworm

  host plant, depending on the crop, the stage of crop development, and the age of the larvae. On maize, young larvae usually feed on leaves, creating a c [...] clusters of 150-200 and can lay up to 2000 eggs in a lifetime. Eggs are white, pinkish or light green and spherical, and are usually laid on the underside of [...] inverted Y-shaped mark on the front of the head and four large spots on the upper surface of the last segment. Pupae are reddish brown and measure 13 to 17 mm

• Tomato russet mite

  Eggs are roughly 0.05 mm in diameter and are laid on the underside of leaves, on leaf petioles, and on stems on the lower portion of plants. When newly [...] are slightly curled and acquire a silvery sheen on the underside. Later they become brown and brittle. Badly affected tomato leaves and stems lose their trichomes [...] brown colour, and in serious cases they may snap. The fruit can also be affected, and when this happens in tomatoes, the skin becomes coarse and turns reddish

• Onion thrips

  throughout the world. It is found outdoors on many plants and particularly damaging on onions, leek, and in greenhouses on cucurbits, tomato, sweet pepper, eggplant [...] more developed wing buds and longer antennae that are curved back over the head. The prepupal and pupal instars do not feed and only move if disturbed. [...] surface tissues and sucking out their contents, causing the surrounding tissue to die. The resulting silver-grey patches on leaves and the black dots of

• Tobacco whitefly

  second, third and fourth larval stage (often referred to as ‘pupa’ although strictly spoken this is not true) and adult. The larvae are found on the underside [...] can wilt and fall. Such leaf damage can in turn influence the development of fruit and lead to a reduction in yield. The honeydew deposited on fruit makes [...] tabaci ) belongs to the family Aleyrodidae , and the sub-family Aleyrodinae . This insect was first identified on tobacco in Greece in 1889, hence the name

• Diamond back moth

  most cases, die. On rapeseed, larvae also feed on flower buds, flowers and young seed pods, causing loss of pods and seeds. Life cycle and appearance of Diamond [...] small groups of two or ten eggs on both the upper and lower surface of leaves, preferentially in depressions, and rarely on stems or petioles. There are four [...] larvae feed also on the chlorophyll-rich green areas of stems and pods causing whitening of the crop. Heavily damaged plants appear stunted and will, in most

• Two-spotted spider mite

  greenhouses and many outdoor crops. Damage symptoms Larvae, nymphs and adults cause damage to the host plant by feeding on plant sap. They mainly occur on the [...] they pierce the cells and suck out the contents. The empty dead cells become yellow, and in many plants the damage can also be seen on the upper surface of [...] increased transpiration and reduced plant growth. As damage increases, whole leaves turn yellow, and as more cell sap is removed, the leaf, and eventually the whole