• Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

  brown, sunken and surrounded by a dark brown to red-brown border. The first infection is often on the primary leaves. The fungus is seed borne and thus also [...] two-celled conidia are exuded. Secondary infection is by splash dispersal of these conidia. There is no known sexual stage. Ascochyta fungi develop most [...] General Ascochyta pisi is a fungal plant pathogen that causes A scochyta blight on pea (leaf blight or pea blight) and lesions of stems, leaves, and pods

• Diglyphus isaea

  wasp Diglyphus isaea is available in a bottle ( Miglyphus ). Release parasitic wasps between the leaves of the crop in the morning or in the evening The dosage [...] evidence that a parasitic wasp rather than a leaf miner has come from the mine. This is also seen in the pillars that remain visible as black spots in the leaf [...] Diglyphus isaea is a small parasitic wasp belonging to the family Eulophidae within the order Hymenoptera . It is widely recognized for its role as a biological

• Potato/tomato psyllid

  Overview It is a pest of huge economic importance, which initially affected potatoes and in recent years has become a problem for other Solanaceae crops [...] Liberibacter is considered a quarantine pest. Damage symptoms The main direct damage, caused by potato psyllid nymphs when feeding, is known as ‘psyllid [...] Liberibacter solanacearum which is transmitted by potato psyllid amplifies the feeding damage and causes ‘zebra chip’ in potatoes Indirect damage causes

• Southern European marshland pyralid

  caterpillars pupate in an earthen cocoon, concealed either within the crop or in another suitable spot in the vicinity. Pupation occurs in a cocoon made of [...] head capsule. There are 4 pairs of prolegs. Caterpillars are found in webs, preferably in damp, humid places and are thus mainly found low in the crop, often [...] marshland pyralid or European pepper moth (Duponchelia fovealis) is a polyphagous species feeding on a wide range of hosts from 38 plant families. They include

• Botrytis: Ten must-knows

  March 26, 2025

  Botrytis is an above-ground fungus, and there are many species. The fungus is found all over the world and can infect a wide variety of plants. If conditions [...] neatly. Prevention is the way to fight this fungus. How? By ensuring good but not too lush growth, making sure there’s enough air movement in the crop, and [...] fungus germinate in moist environments or at very high humidity (> 93%). Even moisture released by wounds (e.g. after leaf picking) is enough for the mould

• Gerbera

  red and pink, but one flower can have petals in varying colours. In addition, the gerbera is also used as a model organism with regards to botanical studies [...] flowering plant is originally from South Africa and grew among others in the Cape Province and Transvaal region. Nowadays, the gerbera is still popular and [...] Gerbera viridifolia. The result is generally known as Gerbera hybrida and there are now many cultivars that differ greatly in size, shape and colour. The main

• Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

  found as secondary pathogen in plants that are infected by other pathogens. The bacteria that causes black leg in potato is a different subspecies. How to [...] carovora is very common, but does not often reach epidemic population densities. It can survive as epiphytic bacteria on various plants or in the soil in low [...] leaves, but can grow in senescent leaves and from there grow through the petiole to the main stem through the xylem vessels. High humidity is required for disease

• Citrus mealybug

  filaments. Their sole task is to fertilize the females and as soon as a male emerges from its cocoon, it goes in search of a female. A fertilized female lays [...] instar, a male nymph forms a dark brown ‘prepupa’ from which a pupa rapidly develops, inside a white cottony cocoon. Females undergo little changes in form [...] citri ) has a world-wide distribution and many and diverse host plants. In temperate regions of the world this mealybug poses a problem in greenhouse

• Broad mite

  brown stripes forming a fine network on the leaves. In case of a more serious infestation, this network becomes so dense that there is no more green tissue [...] rsonemus latus) occurs in the tropics and in greenhouses in temperate regions. The broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) has a wide range of host plants [...] mite ( Polyphagotarsonemus latus ), is the appearance of dark brown edges at the base of young leaves. In case of a mild infestation, one can often see

• Beetles

  Coleoptera is the largest of all insect orders and displays an enormous variety of form, size and habit. A number of species are a serious pest in crops or [...] damage in many greenhouse and field crops by feeding on leaves, roots, or fruits, leading to reduced growth and yield loss. Effective beetle control is essential [...] stored products. There are many useful beetles as well. For instance, ladybirds contribute to the control of aphids . Beetles undergo a complete metamorphosis