• Greenhouse whitefly

  deposited on fruit makes it sticky. Dirt adheres to the fruit, and the growth of sooty moulds ( Cladosporium spp .) is encouraged, making it unsuitable for sale [...] hosts for this whitefly. It occurs on many crops, including aubergine, beans, cucumber, sweet pepper, tomato, roses, gerbera and poinsettia. Damage symptoms [...] a lot of protein for growth, and thus consume a large quantity of plant sap. This contains a high proportion of sugar, and the excess is excreted as honeydew

• Citrus mealybug

  pairs of wings and two long tail filaments. Their sole task is to fertilize the females and as soon as a male emerges from its cocoon, it goes in search [...] distribution and many and diverse host plants. In temperate regions of the world this mealybug poses a problem in greenhouse horticulture, and in the tropics [...] croton and kalanchoë, but also in roses and gerbera. Additionally, the citrus mealybug ( Planococcus citri ) can also appear in cucumber, melon and aubergine

• Potato/tomato psyllid

  aubergines, and tobacco. The potato psyllid was considered a minor pest until it was found to be responsible for serious crop damage, both directly and indirectly [...] ellow, and finally green. When they hatch, the adults have a yellowish-green colour and whitish wings, which become transparent over time, and their bodies [...] white or yellow lines and a distinctive white stripe on the abdomen. They are small in size, around 2.5 mm, and they live between 20 and 60 days.

• Fall Armyworm

  eggs in clusters of 150-200 and can lay up to 2000 eggs in a lifetime. Eggs are white, pinkish or light green and spherical, and are usually laid on the underside [...] throughout the Americas. Recently, it has been found in Africa too. The caterpillars of fall armyworms feed on the leaves, stems and reproductive parts of more [...] in Central America. This makes it possible for fall armyworms to spread over large areas rapidly. Adults fly by night, and are attracted to lights, especially

• Tobacco aphid

  aubergine, chrysanthemum, and various pot plants and cut flower crops. Damage symptoms Nymphs and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance [...] making the crop and its fruit sticky. Black fungal moulds ( Cladosporium spp.) grow on this honeydew, contaminating fruit and ornamental crops and rendering [...] individuals have a brown-black head and thorax and a reddish abdomen. There is a dark brown spot on the abdomen and several transverse black bands across

• Cotton aphid

  making the crop and its fruit sticky. Black fungal moulds ( Cladosporium spp.) grow on this honeydew, contaminating fruit and ornamental crops and rendering [...] production. Life cycle and appearance of Cotton aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in [...] coffee, cocoa, eggplant, cucumber, melon, pepper and many ornamental plants such as chrysanthemum and kalanchoe. The cotton aphid ( Aphis gossypii ) is

• Cucumber

  cucumber plant has large leaves and it produces an elongated, cylindrical fruit that may become as long as 60 cm or 24 inches long and 10 cm or 3.9 inches in diameter [...] particularly in India. The plant’s cultivation history goes back some 3000 years and it is now being produced on most continents. The cucumber plant is a creeping [...] from flowers and their seed develop within the fruit, therefore in botanical terms they are classified as berries. However, like tomatoes and squash, cucumbers

• Tomato leafminer

  (Tuta absoluta), a major pest of field- and greenhouse-grown tomatoes, belongs to the family of Gelechiidae . It is oligophagous, feeding mainly on Solanaceae [...] The main host is tomato but it also feeds on other solanaceous crop plants including potato, eggplant, capsicum pepper and tobacco as well as weeds such [...] the leaves. Caterpillars prefer leaves and stems, but they may also occur underneath the crown of the fruit and even inside the fruit itself. On leaves

• Obscure mealybug

  the crop in various ways: Nymphs and females extract the sap from the plant, stunting growth and causing deformation and / or yellowing of leaves, sometimes [...] Fruit and flowers are also fouled, rendering them unfit for sale, and the reduced level of photosynthesis in the leaves also reduces flower and fruit [...] are yellow-brown and not yet covered with wax. They are actively mobile and known as ‘crawlers’. Second instar nymphs are darker and less active. From

• Strawberry

  strawberry or Fragaria x ananassa , is nowadays extensively cultivated for its tasty fruit. The particular species of strawberry is a well-known hybrid species