Tobacco aphid

Far East and is a key pest of tobacco crops in both the United States and South America. The tobacco aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. nicotianae ) is also e [...] aubergine, chrysanthemum, and various pot plants and cut flower crops. Damage symptoms Nymphs and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance [...] individuals have a brown-black head and thorax and a reddish abdomen. There is a dark brown spot on the abdomen and several transverse black bands across

Greenhouse whitefly

of sugar, and the excess is excreted as honeydew, with larger larvae expelling large quantities. The damage that whiteflies cause to a crop is the result [...] which growth is retarded. In full sunlight, leaves can wilt and fall. Such leaf damage can in turn influence the development of fruit and lead to a reduction [...] egg, first, second, third and fourth larval stage (often referred to as ‘pupa’ although strictly spoken this is not true) and adult. The larvae are found

Diamond back moth

xylostella) is suggested to have its origin in Europe, South Africa or East Asia, but is now present wherever its cruciferous hosts exist and it is considered [...] flower buds, flowers and young seed pods, causing loss of pods and seeds. Life cycle and appearance of Diamond back moth The oval and flattened eggs of the [...] species. It is highly migratory and wind-borne adults can travel long distances to invade crops in other regions. Damage symptoms The caterpillar is a surface

Tobacco whitefly

tabaci ) is feared because of its high level of resistance to many insecticides and its propensity for the transmission of viruses. Life cycle and appearance [...] egg, first, second, third and fourth larval stage (often referred to as ‘pupa’ although strictly spoken this is not true) and adult. The larvae are found [...] vaporariorum ), but is slightly smaller and yellower. More distinctively, the wings of the tobacco whitefly ( Bemisia tabaci ) are held vertical and parallel along

Whitefly

nutrients for growth, and thus consume a large quantity of plant sap. This contains a high proportion of sugar, and the excess is excreted as honeydew, [...] can wilt and drop. Such leaf damage can in turn influence the development of fruit and lead to a reduction in yield. By sucking plant sap and secreting [...] whitefly , Trialeurodes vaporariorum , and the tobacco whitefly , Bemisia tabaci . Both are widespread, polyphagous and are broadly comparable in outline.

American serpentine leaf miner

trifolii ) is highly polyphagous and thus lives on many host plants such as chrysanthemum, gerbera, gypsophila, celery, sweet pepper, pea, bean and potato [...] potato. In greenhouses, it is mainly found on gerbera and chrysanthemum. Today the insect is widespread across the whole world. Damage symptoms Leaf miners cause [...] directly and indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining the leaf tissue, leading to desiccation, premature leaf-fall and cosmetic

Obscure mealybug

defoliation. The overall effect is a reduction of photosynthesis and therefore the yield. Flowers and fruit often drop off. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but low [...] the crop in various ways: Nymphs and females extract the sap from the plant, stunting growth and causing deformation and / or yellowing of leaves, sometimes [...] Fruit and flowers are also fouled, rendering them unfit for sale, and the reduced level of photosynthesis in the leaves also reduces flower and fruit

Tomato russet mite

can also be affected, and when this happens in tomatoes, the skin becomes coarse and turns reddish brown and the fruit itself is sometimes deformed. C [...] when population growth is most rapid and affected leaves dry out quickly. The damage is first seen on the lower part of the plant and moves upwards as the [...] become brown and brittle. Badly affected tomato leaves and stems lose their trichomes (leaf hairs). Affected stems turn a rusty brown colour, and in serious

Trichoderma harzianum

harzianum T-22 is a species of beneficial fungus commonly used in agriculture and horticulture for its various beneficial properties. This fungus is known for [...] produces enzymes and metabolites that have antagonistic effects on plant pathogens, such as fungi, bacteria, and nematodes. Trichoderma harzianum is often applied [...] nutrient uptake, and enhance overall plant vigor. Its versatility and effectiveness make it a valuable tool for sustainable agriculture and integrated pest

Onion thrips

(Thrips tabaci) is distributed throughout the world. It is found outdoors on many plants and particularly damaging on onions, leek, and in greenhouses on [...] eggplant, roses, chrysanthemum, gerbera, carnations, bulbs and many others. Life cycle and appearance of Onion thrips Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) develops [...] instars, prepupa, pupa, and finally the adult insect. The eggs of the onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of