Western flower thrips

insect. The eggs of the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of stalks. They are inserted [...] occidentalis) usually pupate in the ground, although pupae can also be found on leaves, in flowers or in other sheltered places. The prepupal and pupal instars [...] causing the surrounding tissue to die. The resulting silver-grey patches on leaves and the black dots of their excreta indicate their presence in the crop

Beet armyworm

es for the growth of the crop. With a substantial population of caterpillars, the damage can spread to the stems, and in the worst cases to the fruit. [...] plants. In both the greenhouse and the field, it is a major pest of sweet pepper. Damage symptoms Older caterpillars migrate to the top of the plant where [...] where they feed mainly on the growing tips. They produce large holes in the leaf, sometimes stripping the leaf down to the mid-rib. Flowers and buds are

Obscure mealybug

wax, the filaments around the body are longer (20-50% of the body size) and the two tail filaments are always markedly longer than the others. The obscure [...] primarily at the foot of the stalk. In an overhead wire system of cultivation, the mealybugs are often located on the horizontal part of the stalk. These [...] their name from the fact that the body of the females from the third nymphal instar onwards are covered with a white waxy material in the form of powder

Bugs

their body when at rest. The wings overlap each other exposing the scutellum, a prominent triangular region of the thorax between the wing bases. This dis [...] five nymphal instars and the adult insect. Several species of especially the families Miridae and Pentatomidae are found as pests in agricultural crops. Find [...] extracting nutrients from them, resulting in deformations and puncture holes. The most obvious damage is the deformation of growing points. They also cause

Tobacco aphid

on the abdomen and several transverse black bands across the body. The antennae are 0.7-1.0 times the body length, reaching to the siphunculi. The body [...] crops in both the United States and South America. The tobacco aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. nicotianae ) is also encountered in a range of crops in greenhouses [...] of dispersing through the crop by walking. The tobacco aphid tends to form denser colonies, closer to the top of the plant, than the peach potato aphid.

Diamond back moth

antennae. The hindwings are narrow, pointed toward the apex. The tips of the wings appear to turn upward slightly when viewed from the side. In males, the upper [...] white upper edge. In females, the upper two-thirds of the forewings are light ochreous and the markings are like those of the males. The back is marked with [...] instar, which mines in the leaf tissue, the larvae are voracious surface feeders. The pupae of the diamond back moth (Plutella xylostella) are covered with

Cotton leafworm

caterpillars crawl to the ground and settle in the surface layers. The pupa is 15 to 20 mm long and reddish brown in colour. The forewings of the adult cotton leafworm [...] originates in Egypt, and is currently found in Africa, the Canary Islands, the Middle East and parts of Mediterranean Europe including the Balearic Islands [...] yellow. They are laid in clusters of 20 to 500 pieces on lower leaf surfaces, often on the lower parts of the plant. The female covers the eggs with brownish-yellow

American serpentine leaf miner

exit hole in the leaf with its mouth parts. After roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf and falls to the ground. This occurs in the early morning [...] indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining the leaf tissue, leading to desiccation, premature leaf-fall and cosmetic damage. In tropical [...] can be completely destroyed as a result of the direct damage caused by leaf miners. In gerbera, the larva of the American serpentine leaf miner (Liriomyza

Leaf miners

lost before the harvest is affected. The size of a leaf tunnel depends on the stage of development of the leaf, the species of host plant and the species of [...] belong to the order Diptera (the true flies ) and form the family Agromyzidae. This is a family of small flies whose larvae tunnel into the leaves of plants [...] However, the use of chemical insecticides kills these natural enemies, allowing the leaf miner population to erupt into serious numbers. In addition, the pesticides

Green peach aphid

from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if the infestation [...] occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield, Plant sap is rich in sugars, but has a low [...] quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky. Black fungal moulds