Two-spotted spider mite

increased transpiration and reduced plant growth. As damage increases, whole leaves turn yellow, and as more cell sap is removed, the leaf, and eventually the whole [...] tomatoes and cucumbers, as little as 30% damage of the leaf surface can lead to loss of the crop. The nymphs and adults also produce webs, and plants can [...] The webbing and spotting on the leaves affects the appearance of the crop. This is of particular concern in ornamental crops. Life cycle and appearance

Impatiens thrips

sweet pepper, cucumber and eggplants. It lives exclusively on the leaves and is often present on weeds in greenhouses. Life cycle and appearance of Impatiens [...] Adults are found on both upper- and undersides of the leaves. This species of thrips is relatively large. Both males and females are dark brown to black [...] stages are found on the upper- and undersides of the leaf. Pupation occurs on the leaf rather than on the ground. The prepupae and pupae remain immobile on the

Strawberry

strawberry or Fragaria x ananassa , is nowadays extensively cultivated for its tasty fruit. The particular species of strawberry is a well-known hybrid species [...] ly referred to as the strawberries). Technically speaking, the strawberry is a so-called aggregate accessory fruit. This means that the fleshy, edible

Cotton bollworm

although the preference is for smaller specimens. The fruits stop growing, mature rapidly, and drop off. In legumes, flowers are attacked, and seed pods may be [...] to reddish-brown with dark spots. In later instars the head is mottled, and the body is marked with three prominent longitudinal dark bands with numerous [...] sweet corn, beans, soybeans, tobacco, sunflowers and various fruit crops. Among greenhouse crops, tomato is particularly affected. Damage symptoms First instar

Potato/tomato psyllid

colouration of the leaf bases and internodes, and poor-quality fruit. The bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum which is transmitted by potato psyllid [...] ellow, and finally green. When they hatch, the adults have a yellowish-green colour and whitish wings, which become transparent over time, and their bodies [...] white or yellow lines and a distinctive white stripe on the abdomen. They are small in size, around 2.5 mm, and they live between 20 and 60 days.

Leaf miners

directly and indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining the leaf tissue which can lead to desiccation, premature leaf-fall and cosmetic [...] Leaf miners belong to the order Diptera (the true flies ) and form the family Agromyzidae. This is a family of small flies whose larvae tunnel into the leaves [...] in horticultural crops are mostly polyphagous; that is, they feed on many crops. However, this is not universal among the Agromyzidae. Of the approximately

Cyclamen mite

enormous damage, and with heavier infestations plant growth is arrested and the flower buds are so badly affected that they shrivel and die. Damaged strawberry [...] mostly found within the flower buds, growing tips and young folded leaves, where the humidity is highest and they are protected from direct sunlight. In such [...] flowers are damaged and leaf growth is inhibited. In hedera, a mite attack can cause baldness in parts of the stem. Gerbera flowers deform and discolour with

Aphids

harmful pests in greenhouse and field crops, causing plant stress, virus transmission and yield loss. Effective aphid control is essential for maintaining [...] on stems, buds, flowers and fruit. Damage: Aphids can cause damage to leaves, stems, and flowers by piercing the plant tissue and sucking out the sap. This [...] a crop: Nymphs and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded, giving

Southern European marshland pyralid

made of webbing, frass and soil particles. The pupa itself is yellow-brown, becoming darker as the adult gets closer to emergence, and measures 9 to 12 mm [...] fovealis) is a polyphagous species feeding on a wide range of hosts from 38 plant families. They include ornamental crop plants, such as roses and gerbera [...] gerbera, aquatic plants, vegetable crops such as celery, pepper and lettuce, and weeds. The secretive habit of the caterpillars of this species makes them very

Western flower thrips

vegetable and ornamental crops in greenhouses, and on various weeds. It is an especially significant pest in cucumber, sweet pepper, eggplants, and many ornamental [...] prepupa, pupa, and finally the adult insect. The eggs of the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft [...] prepupal and pupal instars can be recognized by their developing wing buds. Compared to the prepupa, the pupa has longer, more developed wing buds and longer