• American serpentine leaf miner

  cosmetic damage. In tropical and subtropical areas this can lead to burning in fruit such as tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown [...] and young plants can be completely destroyed as a result of the direct damage caused by leaf miners. In gerbera, the larva of the American serpentine leaf [...] American serpentine leaf miner The life cycle of a leaf miner has the following stages: egg, three larval instars, a pupal instar and the adult fly. Adult leaf

• Greenhouse whitefly

  symptoms The larvae of whitefly need a lot of protein for growth, and thus consume a large quantity of plant sap. This contains a high proportion of sugar, and [...] physiology of the plant, as a result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight, leaves can wilt and fall. Such leaf damage can in turn influence the development [...] development of fruit and lead to a reduction in yield. The honeydew deposited on fruit makes it sticky. Dirt adheres to the fruit, and the growth of sooty

• Tomato leafminer

  or on the surface of a leaf, in a curled leaf or in a mine. If they leave the mines they build silk cocoons on the leaflets or in the soil. When pupation [...] emerging. They mine inside the leaf, stem or fruit. In the second to fourth instars they become greenish with a black band behind the head. The prepupae of the [...] have a typical pink colouration on the dorsal surface. Caterpillars can temporarily be found outside the leaf mines or fruit. Pupation takes place in the

• Whitefly

  physiology of the plant, as a result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight, leaves can wilt and drop. Such leaf damage can in turn influence the development [...] and are broadly comparable in outline. Greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum adult Whitefly damage The larvae need a lot of nutrients for growth [...] growth, and thus consume a large quantity of plant sap. This contains a high proportion of sugar, and the excess is excreted as honeydew, with larger larvae

• Diamond back moth

  often stick to leaves and frequently hide in crevices near the bud. In cauliflower and broccoli, pupation may occur in the florets. Initially, the pupa is [...] adults can travel long distances to invade crops in other regions. Damage symptoms The caterpillar is a surface feeder. They feed from the lower leaf surface [...] They are deposited singly or in small groups of two or ten eggs on both the upper and lower surface of leaves, preferentially in depressions, and rarely on

• Biological Pest Control

  infestations in a greenhouse. Augmentative biological control can provide rapid results and is particularly useful when natural enemies are insufficient in the [...] populations in check. This approach not only reduces the environmental impact but also minimizes the risk of pesticide resistance, making it a sustainable [...] enhancing the presence of natural enemies and beneficial organisms in the environment to maintain a balance between pests and their predators. Instead of introducing

• Macrolophus pygmaeus

  is black, and a black stripe runs behind the eyes. The first part of the forewings is a transparent, soft green with a small black spot in the middle. The [...] caterpillars , as well as the larvae of leaf miners . When the bug is present in a crop in large numbers, it can contribute substantially to the control of these [...] the onset of such problems include a shortage of prey, a high population of bugs (more than 100-150 per plant), and a weak crop. More delicate types of

• Cotton leafworm

  green with a brownish head. In the last larval stage, they are 35 to 45 mm long. Coloration varies from grey to reddish or yellowish, with a median dorsal [...] The front of the wingtip has a blackish marking, which is more pronounced in the male. The hindwings are whitish, with a brown leading edge. Adults are [...] littoralis) is a highly polyphagous species feeding on plants of 40 families, containing 87 species of economic importance. It originates in Egypt, and is

• Thrips

  cause problems in agriculture and horticulture. Thrips are small insects (0.5-14 mm), with the largest species found in the tropics. In temperate regions [...] control Learn more about What are thrips? Several species of thrips are a major problem in greenhouse horticulture. The Western flower thrips ( Frankliniella [...] leaves and the black dots of their excreta indicate their presence in the crop. At a later stage, the empty cells become desiccated and the adjacent cells

• Cyclamen mite

  smaller than usual. In cyclamen, the flowers are damaged and leaf growth is inhibited. In hedera, a mite attack can cause baldness in parts of the stem. [...] The cyclamen mite ( Phytonemus pallidus ) is a harmful strawberry pest as well as a common pest found in cyclamen, gerbera and other ornamentals . Mites [...] and they are protected from direct sunlight. In such spots, they are difficult to observe. Damage occurs in localized patches, because the mite spreads