oospores (sexual overwintering spores), sporangia (special structures which can either germinate directly or produce zoospores), chlamydospores (thick-walled mycelium [...] sporangia are formed that protrude through the stomata. Secondary infection is either by germinating sporangia or by zoospores produced in the sporangia. For
east of the Mediterranean. The wheat plant is an annual plant which is sown either in spring or autumn. The plant flowers from about the end of May to the
every year and removed after the plant has died down. During winter they are either stocked away or disposed of: tulip, narcissus, gladiolus, hyacinth, canna
through the stomata. After infection, hyphae emerge from the stomata and either develop into conidiophores with new conidia or grow across the surface and
on seed, greenhouse structures, tools and machinery. Primary infection is either seed-borne or takes place as infection of the roots at the root tip or in
sporangia often germinate directly and the germ tubes infect the plants either through the stomata or directly by penetrating the cuticula. For germination
from grey to reddish or yellowish, with a median dorsal line bordered on either side by two yellowish-red or greyish stripes and small yellow dots on each
the diminishing role and performance of chemical crop protection products. Either because of their removal by international or resistance challenges. Special
at ground level. The caterpillars pupate in an earthen cocoon, concealed either within the crop or in another suitable spot in the vicinity. Pupation occurs
wrinkled stripes dorsally and a yellow band running the length of the body on either side, above which there is a black dot on each segment. The young caterpillars
