• Beet armyworm

  resistance to nearly all insecticides, and its ability to develop on wild vegetation during the summer. It is highly polyphagous, feeding on plants of [...] exigua) feeds mainly at night and conceals itself during the day, although the youngest instars will feed during daytime. Full-grown caterpillars move to the [...] beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) is a small, nondescript moth, that hides during the day and is active only at night. The forewings are grey-brown suffused

• Persea mite

  in multiple overlapping generations during the season. Warm, dry conditions strongly promote persea mite development, making early detection and integrated [...] build up quickly in avocado crops when conditions are favourable. The pest develops through egg, larval, nymphal and adult stages, with all life stages mainly

• Cotton bollworm

  penetrate fruit through a small hole, often bored near the stalk. During development, the caterpillars damage most fruits by mining. All fruits can be

• Bacterial wilt, brown rot

  tomato, the youngest leaves are affected first. They show signs of wilting during the day which may disappear in the early stages of infection. Under conditions [...] first symptoms appear. When conditions are less conducive for disease development, the plants may show signs of stunting and produce many adventitious roots [...] water. Disease incidence is highest when soil moisture is high, such as during rainy periods. When temperature is low, infection may remain latent until

• Fall Armyworm

  Damage symptoms The developing larvae eat different parts of the host plant, depending on the crop, the stage of crop development, and the age of the larvae [...] long and have a wingspan of 32-38 mm. They are nocturnal and most active during the warm, humid evenings. Females lay their eggs in clusters of 150-200

• Angular leaf spot

  passively and actively. Infection and disease development are favoured by temperatures around 20 °C during the day and cold nights, in combination with

• Macrolophus pygmaeus

  plant sap is necessary for Macrolophus pygmaeus to develop well, it is insufficient for full development of a population. When females are only able to feed [...] es for Mirical are above 20°C/68°F, lower temperatures slow down the development of Macrolophus pygmaeus significantly. Feeding behaviour of Macrolophus [...] are more susceptible to damage. In tomato there may be fruit deformations during setting, and in gerbera, misshapen flowers may appear. The use of this bug

• Potato/tomato psyllid

  and waxy strands around their body. The entire development process lasts around 12 to 24 days, during which they visibly change colour over the different

• Diglyphus isaea

  as each Diglyphus isaea larva can eliminate multiple leafminers during its development. The wasp’s feeding rate and efficacy can vary with the density [...] where the emerging larvae feed on the host’s internal tissues. As they develop, the larvae consume the leafminer from within, leading to its death. This [...] Diglyphus isaea is an ectoparasite, all instars (egg, larva, pupa and adult) develop outside the host. Egg stage: A female wasp first paralyzes the leaf miner

• Biological seed treatment

  effects on the growth, resilience of the plant, abiotic stress, the development of the root system, and the productivity of the crop. An overview of positive [...] growth promoting microorganisms colonize the roots and protect the crop during the entire growing season. Seed treatment increases the availability of