Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

) causes foot rot in peas, whereas Ascochyta pisi does occur sometimes at the stem base but is not part of the foot rot syndrome in peas. Infected seeds [...] appearance of Pea blight, leaf and pod spot Ascochyta pisi hardly survives in the soil or on crop residues because of its poor saprophytic competitiveness [...] water for dispersal. How to prevent Pea blight, leaf and pod spot Grow peas in arid regions Use clean seed Use a minimum crop rotation of four years with

Phytophthora blight

optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and bulbs or in the soil in different stages: as oospores (sexual overwintering [...] Secondary infection is either by germinating sporangia or by zoospores produced in the sporangia. For germination on above-ground plant parts, leaf wetness is [...] causes the pathogen to be returned to the soil from infected plants. Dispersal in the soil happens via water, since the zoospores can readily move through water

Bugs

families Miridae and Pentatomidae are found as pests in agricultural crops. Find solutions for bugs in your crop Bug damage Phytophagous bugs damage plants [...] Hemiptera Bugs What are bugs? Heteropteran bugs form a group in the order Hemiptera , a highly diverse group of insects, containing both harmful and beneficial [...] beetles , which have hard, leathery forewings that meet, but do not overlap, in the dorsal midline. Some bugs produce a pungent odour. Heteropteran bugs are

Citrus mealybug

many and diverse host plants. In temperate regions of the world this mealybug poses a problem in greenhouse horticulture, and in the tropics and sub-tropics [...] especially in fruit trees and ornamental crops, particularly in pot plants such as ficus, palms, schefflera, croton and kalanchoë, but also in roses and [...] yield. Flowers and fruit often drop off. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but low in proteins. In order to gain an adequate intake of protein, mealybugs must

Western flower thrips

(Frankliniella occidentalis) usually pupate in the ground, although pupae can also be found on leaves, in flowers or in other sheltered places. The prepupal and [...] many vegetable and ornamental crops in greenhouses, and on various weeds. It is an especially significant pest in cucumber, sweet pepper, eggplants, and [...] western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of stalks. They are inserted into the plant tissue

Southern European marshland pyralid

prolegs. Caterpillars are found in webs, preferably in damp, humid places and are thus mainly found low in the crop, often in decaying organic material on [...] caterpillars pupate in an earthen cocoon, concealed either within the crop or in another suitable spot in the vicinity. Pupation occurs in a cocoon made of [...] at night, but can sometimes be seen in the daytime. Eggs are laid singly or in groups of 5 to 10 eggs, overlapping in a tile-like fashion on both the upper

Onion thrips

thrips (Thrips tabaci) usually pupate in the ground, although pupae can also be found on leaves, in flowers or in other sheltered places. The prepupal and [...] develops in six stages: egg, two larval instars, prepupa, pupa, and finally the adult insect. The eggs of the onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) are laid in leaves [...] petals and in the soft parts of stalks. They are inserted into the plant tissue with a saw-like ovipositor. Larvae are light to yellowish green in colour,

Impatiens thrips

as a consequence of the trade in foliage plants. Impatiens thrips (Echinothrips americanus) has a wide range of hosts. In addition to many ornamental plants [...] present on weeds in greenhouses. Life cycle and appearance of Impatiens thrips Impatiens thrips (Echinothrips americanus) develops in six stages: egg, [...] themselves can shrivel. Echinothrips americanus is often found low in the crop. In sweet pepper the damage can be seen as discolouration of older leaves

Flies

shore flies are mainly a problem in greenhouses. Their larvae live in the ground and prefer moist substrates that is rich in organic matter. Although they [...] are mostly found in the soil. The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii , has recently developed into a major pest on soft fruits in Europe and North [...] Diptera Flies What are flies? There are several flies that are pests in agriculture, horticulture and mushroom cultivation. Species that can cause damage

Tobacco aphid

) probably evolved from the peach potato aphid in the Far East and is a key pest of tobacco crops in both the United States and South America. The tobacco [...] tobacco aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. nicotianae ) is also encountered in a range of crops in greenhouses, such as sweet pepper, aubergine, chrysanthemum, and [...] occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but has a low