• Whitefly

  consequences: If the population is very large, feeding on plant sap can affect the physiology of the plant, as a result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight [...] can in turn influence the development of fruit and lead to a reduction in yield. By sucking plant sap and secreting honeydew, whitefly reduces the aesthetic [...] value of crops. This is particularly important in ornamentals . The honeydew deposited on fruit makes it sticky. Dirt adheres to the fruit, and the growth

• Bugs

  their body when at rest. The wings overlap each other exposing the scutellum, a prominent triangular region of the thorax between the wing bases. This dis [...] five nymphal instars and the adult insect. Several species of especially the families Miridae and Pentatomidae are found as pests in agricultural crops. Bug [...] extracting nutrients from them, resulting in deformations and puncture holes. The most obvious damage is the deformation of growing points. They also cause tissue

• Tomato leafminer

  place in the soil or on the surface of a leaf, in a curled leaf or in a mine. If they leave the mines they build silk cocoons on the leaflets or in the soil [...] cycle and appearance of Tomato leafminer The female moth of the tomato leaf miner ( Tuta absoluta ) lays about 260 eggs. The eggs of the tomato leaf miner [...] mine inside the leaf, stem or fruit. In the second to fourth instars they become greenish with a black band behind the head. The prepupae of the tomato leaf

• Green peach aphid

  to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky [...] families. Damage symptoms Of all the aphids , the peach potato aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. persicae ) is the most important vector of viral diseases. It can [...] from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if the infestation

• Flies

  both directly and indirectly. The type of damage depends on the species of the flies. Direct damage is the immediate result of larvae feeding on root hairs [...] their large number. Larvae of flies of the family Keroplatidae (mainly Lyprauta sp.) can cause damage in potted orchids. The Spotted Wing Drosophila has [...] control Learn more about The adult form of the onion fly Delia antiqua What are flies? There are several flies that are pests in agriculture, horticulture

• Tomato russet mite

  out quickly. The damage is first seen on the lower part of the plant and moves upwards as the mites ascend. Life cycle and appearance of tomato russet [...] be divided into two parts: the head with the mouthparts, and the rest of the body. All mobile stages have only two pairs of legs, whereas other mite groups [...] time in Australia and is a pest in tomatoes in all areas where they are grown. Other members of the plant family Solanaceae may be affected to a lesser

• Cotton aphid

  if the infestation occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield. Plant sap is rich in sugars [...] to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky [...] including the cucumber mosaic virus. Nymphs and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s

• Caterpillars

  control. In addition to consumption of the plant, caterpillars also spoil the plant with the large quantities of frass they leave behind. Life cycle of caterpillars [...] to crops. The most harmful caterpillars that occur in greenhouses belong to the Noctuidae (the noctuid or owl moths), which is the largest of all lepidopteran [...] greenhouse crops is the leafroller family, the Tortricidae. The name ‘leafroller’ refers to the fact that the caterpillars often live in rolled-up leaves

• Spider mites and other mites

  such webs in which the mites live. The webbing and spotting on the leaves affect the appearance of the crop. This is of particular concern in ornamental [...] yellow, and in many plants the damage can also be seen on the upper surface of leaves as small yellow dots. The destruction of cells results in reduced p [...] to the host plant by feeding on plant sap. They mainly occur on the underside of leaves where they pierce the cells and suck out the contents. The empty

• Cotton bollworm

  General The cotton bollworm ( Helicoverpa armigera ) occurs in the tropics and sub-tropics of all continents except for North America. Larvae of the cotton [...] 19 mm in length and have a wingspan of about 40 mm. The grey-green males are smaller. The forewings are edged with a line of black spots, and the hindwings [...] long. The first instars are the most mobile, and move like loopers. The caterpillars are often aggressive and cannibalistic. Pupation occurs in the soil