• Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

  and thus also causes post- and pre-emergence damping off and dwarfing. Other Ascochyta species may also infect peas. Ascochyta pinodes causes Ascochyta blight [...] blight, which causes darker spots than Ascochyta pisi . Ascochyta pinodella (current preferred name Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella ) causes foot rot in [...] General Ascochyta pisi is a fungal plant pathogen that causes A scochyta blight on pea (leaf blight or pea blight) and lesions of stems, leaves, and pods

• Fusarium spp.

  (FSSC) are capable of causing disease in many agriculturally important crops Damage symptoms of Fusarium spp. Fusarium fungi cause vascular wilt, root rot [...] post-harvest decay. Fusarium oxysporum ( Fusarium wilt ) is the species that causes vascular wilt. Initially, the leaves turn yellow and wilt, mostly on one [...] graminearum/Gibberella zeae (Fusarium head blight or scab) (anamorph/teleomorph) causes seedling damping-off . On the foot of the stem, brown discolouration occurs

• Downy mildew of rose

  infection. Early fruit infection may cause early reddening, after which the fruits die and shrivel. Later infections cause the berries to split and one or both [...] General Peronospora sparsa is a plant pathogen that causes plant diseases, such as downy mildew of rose and diseases on blackberries, raspberries and other [...] pathogens infect mostly the leaves but occasionally also stems and fruits. They cause lesions on the upper leaf surface, bordered by the veins, which are first

• Flies

  Lyprauta sp.) can cause damage in potted orchids. The Spotted Wing Drosophila has recently invaded Europe and the Americas where it is causing serious damage [...] hygiene. Their larvae can damage roots and growing media, while adults can cause contamination. Effective fly control is essential to maintain healthy and [...] in agriculture, horticulture and mushroom cultivation. Species that can cause damage or nuisance, are particularly small flies of the families Sciaridae

• Early blight

  and cause primary infection of the leaves. Survival can be several years, up to eight years for several Alternaria spp. Typically, Alternaria causes early [...] concentric rings that are caused by sporulation. Species may differ in specific symptoms. Damage symptoms Alternaria solani causes small green to dark brown

• Leaf miners

  species that cause most damage all belong to the genus Liriomyza and are very common in temperate regions. Leaf miner damage Leaf miners cause damage to plants [...] reducing photosynthesis and weakening plant growth. Their feeding patterns cause visible leaf damage, lower crop quality and can open the way for secondary [...] , the larvae of these species are parasitized by parasitic wasps and so cause few problems. However, the use of chemical insecticides kills these natural

• Black sigatoka disease

  an ascomycete fungus that causes leaf-spot of banana. Damage symptoms Black sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis ) first causes small, light yellow spots [...] the conidia are splash-dispersed within the crop. Both types of spores cause the exact same symptoms. They enter the leaf through the stomata. After infection

• Phytophthora blight

  potato blight and late / early blight of potato. Damage symptoms Phytophthora causes root rot, seedling damping off and rot of stems, bulbs, tubers, leaves and [...] Late blight or Phytophthora blight (Phytophtora infestans f.sp. infestans ) causes water-soaked lesions with vague borders and white fluffy fungal growth on [...] seen through the skin. The Great Famine was a period of mass starvation caused by this disease which ravaged potato crops throughout Europe during the

• Broad mite

  crops. Damage symptoms The damage caused by the broad mite ( Polyphagotarsonemus latus ) can look similar to the damage caused by viruses. The typical pattern [...] well as insect and mite predators and parasites. Those living on plants can cause considerable damage to their host. Tarsonemids like the broad mite ( Pol [...] tissue, like the growing tips, young leaves and flower buds. The mechanism causing the deformation is not yet fully understood, possibly the mites, whilst

• Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

  renamed Pectobacterium carotovora . It is one of the pectolytic bacteria causing extensive bacterial rots (bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot). Damage [...] tomato, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora or Pectobacterium carovora causes bacterial stem rot as well as soft rot. Stem rot is first noticed when plants [...] pathogen in plants that are infected by other pathogens. The bacteria that causes black leg in potato is a different subspecies. How to prevent Bacterial