Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

and thus also causes post- and pre-emergence damping off and dwarfing. Other Ascochyta species may also infect peas. Ascochyta pinodes causes Ascochyta blight [...] blight, which causes darker spots than Ascochyta pisi . Ascochyta pinodella (current preferred name Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella ) causes foot rot in [...] General Ascochyta pisi is a fungal plant pathogen that causes A scochyta blight on pea (leaf blight or pea blight) and lesions of stems, leaves, and pods

Downy mildew of rose

infection. Early fruit infection may cause early reddening, after which the fruits die and shrivel. Later infections cause the berries to split and one or both [...] General Peronospora sparsa is a plant pathogen that causes plant diseases, such as downy mildew of rose and diseases on blackberries, raspberries and other [...] pathogens infect mostly the leaves but occasionally also stems and fruits. They cause lesions on the upper leaf surface, bordered by the veins, which are first

Fusarium spp.

(FSSC) are capable of causing disease in many agriculturally important crops Damage symptoms of Fusarium spp. Fusarium fungi cause vascular wilt, root rot [...] post-harvest decay. Fusarium oxysporum ( Fusarium wilt ) is the species that causes vascular wilt. Initially, the leaves turn yellow and wilt, mostly on one [...] graminearum/Gibberella zeae (Fusarium head blight or scab) (anamorph/teleomorph) causes seedling damping-off . On the foot of the stem, brown discolouration occurs

Flies

Lyprauta sp.) can cause damage in potted orchids. The Spotted Wing Drosophila has recently invaded Europe and the Americas where it is causing serious damage [...] in agriculture, horticulture and mushroom cultivation. Species that can cause damage or nuisance, are particularly small flies of the families Sciaridae [...] and prefer moist substrates that is rich in organic matter. Although they cause little direct damage to plants, they are often a problem due to their large

Early blight

and cause primary infection of the leaves. Survival can be several years, up to eight years for several Alternaria spp. Typically, Alternaria causes early [...] concentric rings that are caused by sporulation. Species may differ in specific symptoms. Damage symptoms Alternaria solani causes small green to dark brown

Leaf miners

miners Leaf miner damage Leaf miners cause damage to plants both directly and indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining the leaf tissue [...] , the larvae of these species are parasitized by parasitic wasps and so cause few problems. However, the use of chemical insecticides kills these natural [...] the biological control of other crop pests. The leaf miner species that cause damage in horticultural crops are mostly polyphagous; that is, they feed

Black sigatoka disease

an ascomycete fungus that causes leaf-spot of banana. Damage symptoms Black sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis ) first causes small, light yellow spots [...] the conidia are splash-dispersed within the crop. Both types of spores cause the exact same symptoms. They enter the leaf through the stomata. After infection

Phytophthora blight

potato blight and late / early blight of potato. Damage symptoms Phytophthora causes root rot, seedling damping off and rot of stems, bulbs, tubers, leaves and [...] Late blight or Phytophthora blight (Phytophtora infestans f.sp. infestans ) causes water-soaked lesions with vague borders and white fluffy fungal growth on [...] seen through the skin. The Great Famine was a period of mass starvation caused by this disease which ravaged potato crops throughout Europe during the

Potato/tomato psyllid

potato psyllid amplifies the feeding damage and causes ‘zebra chip’ in potatoes Indirect damage causes the most harm, since the consequences are wide-ranging [...] responsible for serious crop damage, both directly and indirectly, the latter causing the greatest concern and proving difficult to control. In light of this [...] is considered a quarantine pest. Damage symptoms The main direct damage, caused by potato psyllid nymphs when feeding, is known as ‘psyllid yellows’, which

Broad mite

crops. Damage symptoms The damage caused by the broad mite ( Polyphagotarsonemus latus ) can look similar to the damage caused by viruses. The typical pattern [...] well as insect and mite predators and parasites. Those living on plants can cause considerable damage to their host. Tarsonemids like the broad mite ( Pol [...] tissue, like the growing tips, young leaves and flower buds. The mechanism causing the deformation is not yet fully understood, possibly the mites, whilst