Mealybugs and scales

wingless and immobile, and covered with a hard scale (armoured scales and soft scales) or with waxy threads (mealybugs). They suck the sap of plants and are [...] mealybugs and soft scales also produce honeydew (on which moulds grow) resulting in considerable damage in ornamental and fruit crops and loss of value [...] the crop in various ways: nymphs and females extract the sap from the plant, stunting growth and causing deformation and/or yellowing of leaves, sometimes

Spider mites and other mites

spider mites and other mites Spider mites and other mite species can rapidly infest greenhouse and field crops, feeding on plant cells and causing leaf [...] die. The nymphs and adults also produce webs, and plants can be completely covered with such webs in which the mites live. The webbing and spotting on the [...] mite eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults. Predatory bugs and gall midges complement this activity by seeking out mite hotspots and reducing outbreaks quickly

Biological Pest Control

a sustainable and effective long-term strategy for pest management. Additionally, as consumers and retail increasingly favour organic and environmentally [...] ecosystems and protect crops without resorting to harmful chemicals. In biological pest control, beneficial organisms like parasitic wasps and predatory [...] Biocontrol reduces the need for continuous chemical treatments. Safe for humans and pets Biocontrol methods pose no health risks to humans or domestic animals,

Fusarium spp.

causes foot and/or root rot of the infected host plant, and the disease may manifest as wilting, stunting and chlorosis or lesions on the stem and/or leaves [...] roots towards the foot of the plant and enters the vascular system. Inside the vessels, the fungus produces mycelium and many spores (microconidia), which [...] different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species are considered weak pathogens and can only infect wounded or stressed

Downy mildew of rose

infection and sporulation is relatively low, in general between 10 and 20 °C. Late in the season new overwintering oospores are produced and buried in [...] during propagation and maintaining a warm and dry climate in greenhouses Use hygiene measures. Start clean, remove crop residues and prevent splashing water [...] causes plant diseases, such as downy mildew of rose and diseases on blackberries, raspberries and other Rubus species. Damage symptoms Downy mildew pathogens

Cucumber

cucumber plant has large leaves and it produces an elongated, cylindrical fruit that may become as long as 60 cm or 24 inches long and 10 cm or 3.9 inches in diameter [...] India. The plant’s cultivation history goes back some 3000 years and it is now being produced on most continents. The cucumber plant is a creeping vine that [...] from flowers and their seed develop within the fruit, therefore in botanical terms they are classified as berries. However, like tomatoes and squash, cucumbers

Cottony soft rot

wilting and death of plants. Life cycle and appearance of Cottony soft rot Cottony soft root ( Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ) overwinters as sclerotia and mycelium [...] in dead and living plant material in or on the ground. Sclerotia germinate at temperatures between 4 and 26 °C with an optimum between 13 and 15 °C. G [...] easily be seen with the naked eye and look like rat droppings. The symptoms may occur on stems but also on leaves, fruits and pods. Root infection often leads

Beneficial microorganisms

anisopliae and Isaria fumosoroseus and the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis . Beneficial microorganisms for pest control How it works Infection and colonization: [...] biological systems and organisms. These microorganisms play a crucial role in biological pest control by effectively infecting and controlling harmful [...] for pest control include fungi, bacteria and viruses that naturally occur in environments such as soil, water, and air. These microorganisms are harnessed

Phytophthora blight

es between 15 and 23 °C and higher water content than is optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and bulbs or in the [...] growing root tips promote germination and attract the zoospores. The pathogen grows into the stem and on the plant surface and new sporangiophores (structures [...] ting and be careful with overhead irrigation since both a high water content of the soil and water splash promote disease. Ensure fast drying and wound

Bacterial wilt, brown rot

may show signs of stunting and produce many adventitious roots on the stem. The vascular stem tissue is coloured brown and when the stem is cut, bacterial [...] well in water and in many different soil types and on alternative hosts like weeds. It invades the plants through wounds or stomata and then spreads into [...] pathogenic bacterium. It is a soil-borne disease and colonises the xylem, causing bacterial wilt and brown rot in a very wide range of potential host plants