• Greenhouse whitefly

  found on the oldest leaves. The adult emerges from the pupa via a T-shaped fissure. The adult whiteflies can usually be found in the top of the plant and [...] adult. The larvae are found on the underside of young leaves and have an oval shape. The first instar larvae (crawlers) are mobile, whereas the rest of the [...] General The greenhouse whitefly ( Trialeurodes vaporariorum ) is one of the major pests of vegetable and ornamental crops in greenhouses throughout the world

• Orange

  fruit of various kinds of oranges, the fruit of the Citrus X sinensis is regarded as a sweet orange, while the fruit of the Citrus X aurantium is recognized [...] About The orange and in particular the sweet orange is the fruit that derives from the citrus species Citrus X sinensis that belongs to the family of Rutaceae [...] mandarin. The hybrid however is not a basic backcrossed BC1 hybrid, but the orange is actually hybridized over multiple generations. When it comes to the fruit

• Angular leaf spot

  lesions on the underside of the leaf. They enlarge to angular spots, often limited by the small veins. The distinctive feature is the way the lesions look [...] in the soil, but not independantly in the soil. Under humid conditions, bacteria ooze from the lesions on the leaves and form a secondary source of infection [...] visible on the upper side of the leaf as irregular spots which are first reddish brown and then become necrotic. The foliar symptoms are the most important

• Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

  wilt at the time of first harvest or after that. The pith disintegrates and the stem becomes hollow. Because of the bacterial growth in the pith, the stem [...] plants or in the soil in low densities. It has also been found in the gut of insects, possibly spreading from decaying vegetation to the growing crop that [...] leaves, but can grow in senescent leaves and from there grow through the petiole to the main stem through the xylem vessels. High humidity is required for

• Cotton aphid

  including the cucumber mosaic virus. Nymphs and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s [...] to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky [...] can be distinguished from other aphids by the colour of the two cornicles (siphunculi). These cornicles are always black, whatever the body colour, which

• American serpentine leaf miner

  roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf and falls to the ground. This occurs in the early morning. The larva crawls into the ground to pupate [...] enter the plant tissue via the feeding spots. Life cycle and appearance of American serpentine leaf miner The life cycle of a leaf miner has the following [...] ovipositor, usually in the upper side of the leaf. Egg spots are oval and hard to distinguish from feeding spots. The larvae of Liriomyza trifolii are

• Strawberry

  means that the fleshy, edible part of the fruit does not develop from the plant’s ovaries, but from the receptacle that holds these same ovaries. The so-called [...] a well-known hybrid species of the genus Fragaria (collectively referred to as the strawberries). Technically speaking, the strawberry is a so-called aggregate [...] so-called ‘seeds’ (achenes) that are visible on the strawberry’s skin, are in reality the ovaries of the flower with a seed inside.

• Bugs

  their body when at rest. The wings overlap each other exposing the scutellum, a prominent triangular region of the thorax between the wing bases. This dis [...] Their life cycle consists of an egg, usually five nymphal instars and the adult insect. Several species of especially the families Miridae and Pentatomidae [...] and extracting nutrients from them, resulting in deformations and puncture holes. The most obvious damage is the deformation of growing points. They also

• Wheat

  ean. The wheat plant is an annual plant which is sown either in spring or autumn. The plant flowers from about the end of May to the beginning of June [...] particular type of fruit referred to as caryopsis. Wheat originates from southwestern Asia, or more specifically the Levant region that lies east of the Mediterranean [...] (usually lasting longer than a week), because not all flowers of one single plant open at the same time.

• Chrysanthemum

  family of Asteraceae. The plant is originally from Asia and northeastern Europe and the majority of the different species derive from East Asia. Especially [...] About The chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum spp. ), also called mum or chrysanth, is a flowering plant that belongs to the genus Chrysanthemum of the family [...] more striking than the wild varieties. The flower heads can look like daisies or pompoms or buttons. This particular genus consists of many hybrids and an